In From Outcasts to Emperors, David Quinter illuminates the Shingon Ritsu movement founded by the charismatic monk Eison (1201–90) at Saidaiji in Nara, Japan. The book’s focus on Eison and his disciples’ involvement in the cult of Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva reveals their innovative synthesis of Shingon esotericism, Buddhist discipline (Ritsu; Sk. vinaya), icon and temple construction, and social welfare activities as the cult embraced a spectrum of supporters, from outcasts to warrior and imperial rulers. In so doing, the book redresses typical portrayals of “Kamakura Buddhism” that cast Eison and other Nara Buddhist leaders merely as conservative reformers, rather than creative innovators, amid the dynamic religious and social changes of medieval Japan.

About the life of Buddha

Zen Buddhist ideas and practices in many ways are unique within the study of religion, and artists, poets and Buddhists practitioners worldwide have found inspiration from this tradition. Until recent years, representations of Zen Buddhism have focussed almost entirely on philosophical, historical or “spiritual” aspects. This book investigates the contemporary living reality of the largest Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhist group, Myōshinji. Drawing on textual studies and ethnographic fieldwork, Jørn Borup analyses how its practitioners use and understand their religion, how they practice their religiosity and how different kinds of Zen Buddhists (monks, nuns, priest, lay people) interact and define themselves within the religious organization. Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism portrays a living Zen Buddhism being both uniquely interesting and interestingly typical for common Buddhist and Japanese religiosity.

Illustrations: 16 B/w Illustrations Description: This book is of a historical Nature and is intended to give readers a faithful Account of the historical development of Zen Buddhism. However Zen is not merely of historical interest; it has Importance for the present day. History reveals the form and leads to the essence of things. In historical Research we are guided by the Things themselves, and we try to comprehend their response and their teaching. The object of the book is to put the reader into a close contact with Zen as possible to elucidate its inner form from History and make its living Values apparent. Contents Preface I. THE MYSTICAL ELEMENT IN EARLY Buddhism AND HIHAYANA : 1. Buddhism and Mysticism 2. Shakyamuni, the Enlightened One 3. Hinayanist Meditative Exercises 4. Nirvana as the God of the Mystic Way II. Mysticism WITHIN Mahayana : 1. Perception of Life and Mysticism 2. The Beginnings of Mahayana 3. The Bodhisattva Ideal 4. Buddhoiogy and Nirvana III. THE MAHAYANA SUTRAS AND Zen : 1. The Position of Zen in Intellectual History 2. Prajnaparamita - Transcendental Wisdom 3. Religious Cosmotheism in the Avatamsaka Sutras 4. The Vimalikirti Sutra - The Way of Enlightenment for All 5. The Psychological View of the Process of Enlightenment in the Lankavatara Sutra IV. THE ANTICIPATION OF ZEN IN Chinese BUDDHISM : 1. The Historical Understanding of Zen 2. The Introduction of Buddhist Meditation into China 3. Kumarajiva and Buddhabhadra 4. Wisdom Not Being Knowledge 5. The Suddenness of Enlightenment V. ZEN PATRIARCHS OF THE EARLY PERIOD : 1. Bodhidharma 2. Disciples and Followers 3. Schisms and Oppositions VI. THE HIGH PERIOD OF CHINESE ZEN : 1. The Sixth Patriarch 2. To See into One's Nature and Become a Buddha 3. Zen Masters of the T'ang Period 4. The Monastic Life VII. PECULIARITIES OF THE FIVE HOUSES : 1. The Circular Figures (Wei-yang Sect) 2. The Pass of a Single Word (Yiin-men Sect) 3. The Interpenetration of the Attributes of Being (Fa-yen Sect) 4. The Five Ranks (Ts'ao-tung Sect) 5. Shouting and Beating (Lin-chi Sect) VIII. SPREAD AND METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT DUNNG THE SUNG PERIOD : 1. Zen and the Spirit of the Age 2. The Rise of the Koan in the Lin-chi Sect 3. The Psychological Structure of the Koan 4. The Two Main Streams of Zen IX. THE TRANSPLANTING OF ZEN TO Japan : 1. Preliminary Developments 2. Eisai 3. The Flowering of Rinzai Zen in the Kamakura Period X. THE ZEN MASTER DOGEN : 1. His Life and Work 2. Zazen 3. Religious Metaphysics XI. THE Cultural INFLUENCE OF ZEN IN THE MUROMACHI PERIOD : 1. The Spread of Zen Under the Rule of the Ashikaga 2. Approaches to the People 3. The Unfolding in Japanese Culture XII. THE FIRST ENCOUNTER BETWEEN ZEN AND Christianity : 1. Friendly and Hostile Contacts 2. Doctrinal Disputes 3. Cultural Adaptations and Influences 4. The Christian Daimyo and the Way of Tea XIII. ZEN IN THE MODERN JAPANESE AGE : 1. The Obaku Sect 2. Renewal of Zen 3. Basho and Zen's Love of Nature XIV. THE ZEN MYSTICISM OF HAKUIN : 1. Life and Work 2. Mystical Experiences 3. The Great Doubt and the Great Enlightenment 4. Zen Sickness 5. Personality and the Japanese Character XV. THE ESSENCE OF ZEN : 1. History and Form 2. The Experience of Satori 3. The Psychological Interpretation of Satori 4. Natural Mysticism