Using sources in Japanese, Chinese and American archives, this text reassesses Woodrow Wilson's agenda at the Paris Peace Conference. It argues Wilson did not "betray" China, but negotiated a compromise with the Japanese to ensure that China's sovereignty would be respected in Shandong Province.

Excerpt from The Shantung Question: A Study in Diplomacy and World Politics In 1915 Japan sought to impose upon China the terms of what she considered to be a just settlement Of the Shantung question. These terms were em bodied in the notorious Twenty-one Demands, pre sented to China on January 18, 1915, and accepted in part on May 7 of the same year. They included China's assent to the direct disposition between Japan and Germany Of the German rights, interests and concessions in Shantung, and to the building by Japan of a railway from Chefoo or Lungkow to join the kiaochow-tsinan Railway. In 1917, in anticipation Of China's participation in the war, Japan entered into secret agreements with her European Allies, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Russia, whereby she was assured by them to sup port her claim at the Peace Conference to succeed to the rights and concessions which Germany had held in Shantung. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1922 edition. Excerpt: ... THESHANTUNG QUESTION AT THE PEACE CONFERENCE ...';. AT VERSAILLES WITH the meeting of the Allied and Associated Powers at Versailles to dictate terms of peace to Germany, the Shantung question reached an acute stage, where it was possible either to make out of it an example of settlement based upon international justice and morality, or to intensify a serious international grievance and make its redress more remote and more difficult. The Peace Conference was organised in Paris on January 18, 1919. The first Plenary Session of the Conference was held on January 25. With the election of its President, with the appointment of numerous commissions and sub-commissions, and with the creation of the so-called "Council of Ten" composed of two representatives from each of the five "Principal Powers," the machinery of the Conference to formulate the conditions of peace to end the Great War was set in full swing. It should be noted that a line was clearly drawn, in the proceedings of the Conference, between the great and minor Powers. The United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan styled themselves as "the Principal Allied and Associated Powers," and the other twelve minor nations were called merely "the Allied and Associated Powers." Inasmuch as the Council of Ten handled practically, at the early stage of the Conference, the main portion of its business, and inasmuch as the small Powers had no representation in the Council, it was not very far from the truth to say that, in the organisation and the proceedings of the Conference, the five "Principal Powers" enjoyed the position similar to that of the judges of a Supreme Court, to which the minor Powers presented their cases for judgment. It is important to bear...

This book is the first volume in a trilogy that traces the development of the academic subject of International Relations, or what was often referred to in the interwar years as International Studies. This first volume takes on the origins of International Relations, beginning with the League of Nations and the International Studies Conference in Berlin in 1928 and tracing its development through the Paris Peace Conference, the quest for cooperation in the Pacific, the Institute of Pacific Relations and lessons from Copenhagen, Shanghai and Manchuria. This project is an impressive and exhaustive consideration of the evolution of IR and is aptly published in celebration of the discipline's centenary.