Describes the history and formation of Russian forest policy, legislation, and management from the 8th century to the present time. The beginning of forest science in Russia is described. Advances in soil science, forest ecology, valuation, organization, and management, and the theory of forest use over historical time are discussed. Contributions of influential Russian leaders are described by field and time period. Russian forests comprise 22% of the world's total forests and over half of the world's coniferous forest area and world coniferous growing stock. Illustrated with historical photographs.

Leonid Leonov (born 1899) belongs to the generation of Soviet writers who began their literary career during the revolution and the civil war and identified themselves with the new life which the revolution inaugurated. Leonov's first novel Badgers (1924) won unanimous appreciation among his contemporaries as a mature work of artistic merit. He became a writer of outstanding reputation in Soviet literature. Author of such popular novels as The Thief, Sot, Skutarevsky, and The Road to the Ocean, the short novel The Capture of Velikoshumsk and the plays An Ordinary Man, Invasion, and The Golden Carriage, Leonov was the first Soviet wrier to be awarded a Lenin Prize for his novel The Russian Forest, written in 1953.The Russian Forest embodies all the most characteristic features of its author's style and manner. In this novel, which reads like a kaleidoscope of the twentieth-century Russian scene, the author emerges with consummate versatility as artist, philosopher, and citizen.

Costlow explores the central place the forest came to hold in a century of intense seeking for articulations of national and spiritual identity.

The Soviets are often viewed as insatiable industrialists who saw nature as a force to be tamed and exploited. Song of the Forest counters this assumption, uncovering significant evidence of Soviet conservation efforts in forestry, particularly under Josef Stalin. In his compelling study, Stephen Brain profiles the leading Soviet-era conservationists, agencies, and administrators, and their efforts to formulate forest policy despite powerful ideological differences. By the time of the revolution of 1905, modern Russian forestry science had developed an influential romantic strand, especially prevalent in the work of Georgii Morozov, whose theory of "stand types" asked forest managers to consider native species and local conditions when devising plans for regenerating forests. After their rise to power, the Bolsheviks turned their backs on this tradition and adopted German methods, then considered the most advanced in the world, for clear-cutting and replanting of marketable tree types in "artificial forests." Later, when Stalin's Five Year Plan required vast amounts of timber for industrialization, forest radicals proposed "flying management," an exaggerated version of German forestry where large tracts of virgin forest would be clear-cut. Opponents who still upheld Morozov's vision favored a conservative regenerating approach, and ultimately triumphed by establishing the world's largest forest preserve. Another radical turn came with the Great Stalin Plan for the Transformation of Nature, implemented in 1948. Narrow "belts" of new forest planted on the vast Russian steppe would block drying winds, provide cool temperatures, trap moisture, and increase crop production. Unfortunately, planters were ordered to follow the misguided methods of the notorious Trofim Lysenko, and the resulting yields were abysmal. But despite Lysenko, agency infighting, and an indifferent peasant workforce, Stalin's forestry bureaus eventually succeeded in winning many environmental concessions from industrial interests. In addition, the visionary teachings of Morozov found new life, ensuring that the forest's song did not fall upon deaf ears.