This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1907 edition. Excerpt: ... The distinction with which we are thus concerned is better described as that between Classification intended for special purposes and that which is intended for general purposes. There must be some purpose or aim presupposed in every arrangement of the kind in question, just as there must be one for the shape and size of a tool; and the determination of this purpose at once puts its stamp upon the consequent classification. It is perfectly optional on our part to select our purpose, and the purpose may be of the most various kinds; but, as soon as we have decided upon this, one particular arrangement is suggested as being more complete and convenient, and therefore more 'natural' than any other. A good illustration of the kind of distinction here in question is furnished by the common manuals of the Flora of any country or district. Take, for instance, that of Bentham. At the beginning of the work we find an elaborate classification, under the title of an Analytical Key, the sole guiding principle of which is so to arrange the plants that a person who has a specimen of one of these actually before him may be able to ascertain the name. At the end of the book we find a totally different arrangement, --the familiar alphabetical one, -- in which the determining motive is simply that a person who knows the name may be enabled to ascertain the characteristics of the plant. But the bulk of the book is of course arranged on a third, and again totally different kind of classification, of which no more compendious description can be given than that it best subserves the general purposes of study, speculative as well as practical, of the objects in question. Each of these arrangements is, in the strictest sense, what we must understand as a.

Excerpt from The Principles of Empirical or Inductive Logic This work contains the substance of Lectures delivered during J-a number of years in Cambridge; at first to members of my own College, and afterwards to students generally in the University. Although the main outlines were sketched long ago, and a large portion of the materials had been delivered for several years in nearly the form now presented, the chapters here offered to the reader have been throughout written out afresh for the present occasion. As many readers will probably perceive, the main original guiding influence with me, - as with most of those of the middle generation, and especially with most of those who approached Logic with a previous mathematical or scientific training, - was that of Mill. But, as they may also perceive, this influence has subsequently generated the relation of criticism and divergence quite as much as that of acceptance; though I still continue to regard the general attitude towards phenomena, which Mill took up as a logician, to be the soundest and most useful for scientific study. This attitude of the scientific logician, as I conceive arid interpret it, has been so fully explained in the introductory chapter, that I need only say that it is based upon that fundamental Duality in accordance with which it becomes the function of the logician to reduce to order, to interpret, and to forecast the complex of external objects which we call the phenomenal world. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.