This volume features eight peer-reviewed chapters based on papers presented at the 33rd Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics, held at the University of Toronto in 2019. The chapters are divided into four sections: sociolinguistics, phonetics and phonology, syntax, and first language acquisition. They present research on relatively well-studied Arabic varieties such as the Moroccan, Jordanian, and Emirati varieties as well as understudied varieties such as the Palestinian dialects of Gaza and Jaffa, and the Saudi dialects of Al-Ahsa, Ha’il, and Faifi. The chapters address linguistic phenomena that range from language variation and change, the phonemic status and feature composition of rhotics, and the realization patterns of emphatic fricatives to the grammaticalization of aspectual markers, the syntactic and pragmatic aspects of post-wh-questions, and the acquisition trajectory of the definite article. The volume makes valuable descriptive and theoretical contributions to Arabic linguistics.

This volume includes the reflections of leading researchers on Arabic and Semitic languages, also understood as systems and representations. The work first deals with Biblical Hebrew, Early Aramaic, Afroasiatic and Semitic. Its core focuses on morpho-syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, rhetoric and logic matters, showing Arabic grammar's place within the system of the sciences of language. In the second part, authors deal with lexical issues, before they explore dialectology. The last stop is a reflection on how Arabic linguistics may prevent the understanding of the Arabs' own grammatical theory and the teaching and learning of Arabic.

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 38. Chapters: Turkish language, Cedilla, Turkish grammar, List of replaced loanwords in Turkish, Turkish phonology, Turkish name, Turkish alphabet, Turkish vocabulary, Ottoman Turkish language, Cypriot Turkish, Ottoman Turkish alphabet, Turkish Language Association, Cypriot Maronite Arabic, Turkish copula, Seslisozluk, Old Anatolian Turkish language, Turkish Sign Language, Yeminlisozluk, Tureng dictionary, Turkish Language Olympiads. Excerpt: Turkish (.)) is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe. Turkish is also spoken by several million people of immigrant origin in Western Europe, particularly in Germany. The roots of the language can be traced to Central Asia, with the first known written records dating back nearly 1,300 years. To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish-the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire-spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Ataturk's Reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman script was replaced with a phonetic variant of the Latin alphabet. Concurrently, the newly founded Turkish Language Association initiated a drive to reform and standardize the language. The distinctive characteristics of Turkish are vowel harmony and extensive agglutination. The basic word order of Turkish is subject-object-verb. Turkish has no noun classes or grammatical gender. Turkish has a strong T-V distinction and usage of honorifics. Turkish uses second-person pronouns that distinguish varying levels of...

For many different reasons, speakers borrow words from other languages to fill gaps in their own lexical inventory. The past ten years have been characterized by a great interest among phonologists in the issue of how the nativization of loanwords occurs. The general feeling is that loanword nativization provides a direct window for observing how acoustic cues are categorized in terms of the distinctive features relevant to the L1 phonological system as well as for studying L1 phonological processes in action and thus to the true synchronic phonology of L1. The collection of essays presented in this volume provides an overview of the complex issues phonologists face when investigating this phenomenon and, more generally, the ways in which unfamiliar sounds and sound sequences are adapted to converge with the native language s sound pattern. This book is of interest to theoretical phonologists as well as to linguists interested in language contact phenomena."

Turkish is a member of the Turkic family of languages, which extends over a vast area in southern and eastern Siberia and adjacent portions of Iran, Afganistan, and China. Turkic, in turn, belongs to the Altaic family of languages. This book deals with the morphological and syntactic, semantic and discourse-based, synchronic and diachronic aspects of the Turkish language. Although an interest in morphosyntactic issues pervades the entire collection, the contributions can be grouped in terms of relative attention to syntax, semantics and discourse, and acquisition.