The Permian Extinction and the Tethys

The Permian Extinction and the Tethys
Title The Permian Extinction and the Tethys PDF eBook
Author A. M. Celâl ?engör
Publisher Geological Society of America
Pages 110
Release 2009
Genre Science
ISBN 0813724481

Download The Permian Extinction and the Tethys Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The extinction that wiped out 95% of the living species at the end of the Paleozoic era can be explained by the fact that when it happened, all landmasses were one continent, Pangea, with an inner ocean, the Paleo-Tethys. This ocean included the richest n

Vanished Ocean

Vanished Ocean
Title Vanished Ocean PDF eBook
Author Dorrik Stow
Publisher Oxford University Press
Pages 313
Release 2012-03-29
Genre Science
ISBN 0199214298

Download Vanished Ocean Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Once, the ocean of Tethys stretched across the world. It vanished just before Man appeared on Earth. Dorrik Stow tells of the powerful forces that created and destroyed a great ocean, its marine life, its extinctions, its impact on climate, and the many clues by which scientists have put together its story, stretching back 250 million years.

Extinction

Extinction
Title Extinction PDF eBook
Author Douglas H. Erwin
Publisher Princeton University Press
Pages 314
Release 2015-03-22
Genre Science
ISBN 0691165653

Download Extinction Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Some 250 million years ago, the earth suffered the greatest biological crisis in its history. Around 95 percent of all living species died out—a global catastrophe far greater than the dinosaurs' demise 185 million years later. How this happened remains a mystery. But there are many competing theories. Some blame huge volcanic eruptions that covered an area as large as the continental United States; others argue for sudden changes in ocean levels and chemistry, including burps of methane gas; and still others cite the impact of an extraterrestrial object, similar to what caused the dinosaurs' extinction. Extinction is a paleontological mystery story. Here, the world's foremost authority on the subject provides a fascinating overview of the evidence for and against a whole host of hypotheses concerning this cataclysmic event that unfolded at the end of the Permian. After setting the scene, Erwin introduces the suite of possible perpetrators and the types of evidence paleontologists seek. He then unveils the actual evidence--moving from China, where much of the best evidence is found; to a look at extinction in the oceans; to the extraordinary fossil animals of the Karoo Desert of South Africa. Erwin reviews the evidence for each of the hypotheses before presenting his own view of what happened. Although full recovery took tens of millions of years, this most massive of mass extinctions was a powerful creative force, setting the stage for the development of the world as we know it today. In a new preface, Douglas Erwin assesses developments in the field since the book's initial publication.

Earth History and Palaeogeography

Earth History and Palaeogeography
Title Earth History and Palaeogeography PDF eBook
Author Trond H. Torsvik
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Pages 329
Release 2017
Genre Science
ISBN 1107105323

Download Earth History and Palaeogeography Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This book provides a complete Phanerozoic story of palaeogeography, using new and detailed full-colour maps, to link surface and deep-Earth processes.

Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs

Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs
Title Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs PDF eBook
Author David Hopley
Publisher Springer Science & Business Media
Pages 1226
Release 2010-11-26
Genre Science
ISBN 904812638X

Download Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.

Permian-Triassic Evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific

Permian-Triassic Evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific
Title Permian-Triassic Evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific PDF eBook
Author Yin Yin Hongfu
Publisher Elsevier
Pages 413
Release 2000-05-10
Genre Science
ISBN 0080538657

Download Permian-Triassic Evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Permian and Triassic are the interval known for the integration and separation of Pangea, the closure of the Palaeotethys and the opening of Mesotethys. They were associated with a series of worldwide events including the Late Palaeozoic glaciation and succeeding extensive evaporatic and reef formations, the end-Palaeozoic regression, strong orogenies and widespread volcanism and magmatism, and finally, the Permo-Triassic biotic macro-extinction. These events resulted in the formation of enormous reserves of coal, petroleum, evaporites, phosphorites and metal resources. The Permian and Triassic thus constitutes a time interval particularly important both for understanding the Earth's history and for exploration of mineral resources.The book aims to reconstruct the Permian-Triassic history of Pangea, Palaeo-Tethys and Palaeo-Pacific through stratigraphic, palaeogeographic and other interdisciplinary approaches. It consists of two parts. Part 1 deals with regional stratigraphy of Tethyan and western Circum-Pacific countries which is the basis for interregional correlation, and palaeogeography. Part 2 deals with the biotic evolution at the Permian-Triassic transition, focusing on the major invertebrate groups: foraminifers, radiolarians, brachiopods, ammonoids and conodonts.

The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems

The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems
Title The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems PDF eBook
Author George D. Stanley Jr.
Publisher Springer Science & Business Media
Pages 468
Release 2013-11-11
Genre Science
ISBN 1461512190

Download The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

From the Preface: The chapters of this book contain contributions from an international group of specialists. They address some important themes in both modern and ancient reef systems. Some chapters contain `snapshots' of reefs of particular intervals, while others touch on relevant themes of both modern and ancient reefs - themes that weave their way through reefs of all ages. This book opens and sets the stage with an introduction to both modern and ancient reefs and reef ecosystems. This chapter is also intended as a basic introduction for students, general geologists, and professionals or others who may be unfamiliar with reefs and reef ecosystems. The chapter addresses the living coral reef ecosystem, stressing among other relevant factors, the importance of ecological and physical interactions between the organisms and their environment. The chapter also addresses mass extinction and provides a general overview of the history of reefs.