Permeation experiments were conducted to study the structural differ- ences between synthetic poly-cis 1,4-isoprene (SNR) and natural rubber (NR), as well as differences resulting from filling with carbon black. The study aimed further at testing Frisch's theory of isotope effects in activated diffusion and on the unit size of the free volume in rubbers. The rubber samples consisted of thin crosslinked sheets of NR AND SNR. The carbon content in the filled samples was 16% by volume. The permeation rate of hydrogen and deuterium through filled and un-filled NR and SNR were measured by the time-lag method as a function of temperature and pressure (40-85 C and 1-55 cm of Hg). The permeability coefficient, p, diffusion coefficient, d, and solubility, s, thus deduced were further used to evaluate the energies of activation for permeation and for diffusion, and the heat of solution according to the Arrhenius equation. The results show that hydrogen has generally a higher permeability and diffusivity than deuterium and that the permeabilities or diffusivities are markedly reduced by the presence of the filler.

Materials Science of Membranes for Gas and Vapor Separation is a one-stop reference for the latest advances in membrane-based separation and technology. Put together by an international team of contributors and academia, the book focuses on the advances in both theoretical and experimental materials science and engineering, as well as progress in membrane technology. Special attention is given to comparing polymer and inorganic/organic separation and other emerging applications such as sensors. This book aims to give a balanced treatment of the subject area, allowing the reader an excellent overall perspective of new theoretical results that can be applied to advanced materials, as well as the separation of polymers. The contributions will provide a compact source of relevant and timely information and will be of interest to government, industrial and academic polymer chemists, chemical engineers and materials scientists, as well as an ideal introduction to students.

Rubber Nanocomposites: Preparation, Properties and Applications focuses on the preparation, characterization and properties of natural and synthetic rubber nanocomposites. The book carefully debates the preparation of unmodified and modified nanofillers, various manufacturing techniques of rubber nanocomposites, structure, morphology and properties of nanocomposites. The text reviews the processing; characterization and properties of 0-, 1D and 2D nanofiller reinforced rubber nanocomposites. It examines the polymer/filler interaction, i.e., the compatibility between matrix and filler using unmodified and modified nanofillers. The book also examines the applications of rubber nanocomposites in various engineering fields, which include tyre engineering. The book also examines the current state of the art, challenges and applications in the field of rubber nanocomposites. The handpicked selection of topics and expert contributions make this survey of rubber nanocomposites an outstanding resource for anyone involved in the field of polymer materials design. A handy "one stop" reference resource for important research accomplishments in the area of rubber nanocomposites. Covers the various aspects of preparation, characterization, morphology, properties and applications of rubber nanocomposites. Summarizes many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of nanocomposites, in a comprehensive manner It covers an up to date record on the major findings and observations in the field

Modern Materials: Advances in Development and Applications, Volume 2 is an eight-chapter text that provides comprehensive insight into the properties, applications, progress, and potentialities of various materials. Chapter 1 deals with polymer modified papers for high wet strength and for special purposes, with laminates, with synthetic fiber papers, and also with plastic-coated papers. Chapters 2 describes the structure, properties, advantages, limitations, and technical uses of flame-sprayed coatings, while Chapter 3 examines the history, development, fabrication, properties, and application of ceramic cutting tools. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of borides, while Chapter 6 focuses on titanium metallurgy. Chapters 7 and 8 present the manufacturing processes, properties, and practical applications of welding and soldering materials. Materials scientists, engineers, researchers, teachers, and students will find this book rewarding.