The Origins of Collective Decision Making

The Origins of Collective Decision Making
Title The Origins of Collective Decision Making PDF eBook
Author Andy Blunden
Publisher BRILL
Pages 269
Release 2016-04-08
Genre Social Science
ISBN 9004319638

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In The Origins of Collective Decision Making, Andy Blunden identifies three paradigms of collective decision making – Counsel, Majority and Consensus, discovers their origins in traditional, medieval and modern times, and traces their evolution over centuries up to the present. The study reveals that these three paradigms have an ethical foundation, deeply rooted in historical experiences. The narrative takes the reader into the very moments when individual leaders and organisers made the crucial developments in white heat of critical moments in history, such as the English Revolution of the 1640s, the Chartist Movement of the 1840s and the early Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. This history provides a valuable resource for resolving current social movement conflict over decision making.

Collective Decisions and Voting

Collective Decisions and Voting
Title Collective Decisions and Voting PDF eBook
Author Nicolaus Tideman
Publisher Routledge
Pages 343
Release 2017-03-02
Genre Political Science
ISBN 1351950622

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When one thinks about how collective decisions are made, voting is the method that comes naturally to mind. But other methods such as random process and consensus are also used. This book explores just what a collective decision is, classifies the methods of making collective decisions, and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Classification is the prelude to evaluation. What are the characteristics of a method of making collective decisions, the book asks, that permit us to describe a collective decision as good? The second part of the book is detailed exploration of voting: the dimensions in which voting situations differ, the origins and logic of majority rule, the frequency of cycles in voting, the Arrow and Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorems, criteria for ways of cutting through cycles and the application of these criteria to a variety of rules, voting over continuums, proportional representation, and voting rules that take account of intensities of preferences. Relatively unknown methods of voting give voting a much greater potential than is generally recognized. Collective Decisions and Voting is essential reading for everyone with an interest in voting theory and in how public choices might be made.

An Interdisciplinary Theory of Activity

An Interdisciplinary Theory of Activity
Title An Interdisciplinary Theory of Activity PDF eBook
Author Andy Blunden
Publisher BRILL
Pages 353
Release 2010
Genre Social Science
ISBN 9004184066

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A critical review of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, the psychology originating from Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934). Tracing its roots in Goethe, Hegel and Marx, the author builds a concept of activity transcending the division between individual and social domains in human sciences.

The Costs of Coalition

The Costs of Coalition
Title The Costs of Coalition PDF eBook
Author Carol Mershon
Publisher Stanford University Press
Pages 340
Release 2002
Genre Philosophy
ISBN 9780804740838

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This book aims to understand and explain who governs, and for how long, under the institution of parliamentary democracy. In the process, it investigates the nature of political scientists' knowledge of coalitional behavior and how to advance it.

Collective Preference and Choice

Collective Preference and Choice
Title Collective Preference and Choice PDF eBook
Author Shmuel Nitzan
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Pages 275
Release 2010
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 0521897254

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A study of the classical aggregation problems that arise in social choice theory, voting theory, and group decision-making under uncertainty.

Democratic Reason

Democratic Reason
Title Democratic Reason PDF eBook
Author Hélène Landemore
Publisher Princeton University Press
Pages 303
Release 2017-02-28
Genre Political Science
ISBN 0691176396

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Individual decision making can often be wrong due to misinformation, impulses, or biases. Collective decision making, on the other hand, can be surprisingly accurate. In Democratic Reason, Hélène Landemore demonstrates that the very factors behind the superiority of collective decision making add up to a strong case for democracy. She shows that the processes and procedures of democratic decision making form a cognitive system that ensures that decisions taken by the many are more likely to be right than decisions taken by the few. Democracy as a form of government is therefore valuable not only because it is legitimate and just, but also because it is smart. Landemore considers how the argument plays out with respect to two main mechanisms of democratic politics: inclusive deliberation and majority rule. In deliberative settings, the truth-tracking properties of deliberation are enhanced more by inclusiveness than by individual competence. Landemore explores this idea in the contexts of representative democracy and the selection of representatives. She also discusses several models for the "wisdom of crowds" channeled by majority rule, examining the trade-offs between inclusiveness and individual competence in voting. When inclusive deliberation and majority rule are combined, they beat less inclusive methods, in which one person or a small group decide. Democratic Reason thus establishes the superiority of democracy as a way of making decisions for the common good.

Comprehensive Geographic Information Systems

Comprehensive Geographic Information Systems
Title Comprehensive Geographic Information Systems PDF eBook
Author
Publisher Elsevier
Pages 1488
Release 2017-07-21
Genre Science
ISBN 0128047933

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Geographical Information Systems, Three Volume Set is a computer system used to capture, store, analyze and display information related to positions on the Earth’s surface. It has the ability to show multiple types of information on multiple geographical locations in a single map, enabling users to assess patterns and relationships between different information points, a crucial component for multiple aspects of modern life and industry. This 3-volumes reference provides an up-to date account of this growing discipline through in-depth reviews authored by leading experts in the field. VOLUME EDITORS Thomas J. Cova The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States Ming-Hsiang Tsou San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States Georg Bareth University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Chunqiao Song University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Yan Song University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Kai Cao National University of Singapore, Singapore Elisabete A. Silva University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Covers a rapidly expanding discipline, providing readers with a detailed overview of all aspects of geographic information systems, principles and applications Emphasizes the practical, socioeconomic applications of GIS Provides readers with a reliable, one-stop comprehensive guide, saving them time in searching for the information they need from different sources