When the war ended on August IS, 1945, I was a naval engineering cadet at the Kure Navy Yard near Hiroshima, Japan. A week later, I was demobi lized and returned to my home in Tokyo, fortunate not to find it ravaged by firebombing. At the beginning of September, a large contingent of the Ameri can occupation forces led by General Douglas MacArthur moved its base from Yokohama to Tokyo. Near my home I watched a procession of American mili tary motor vehicles snaking along Highway 1. This truly awe-inspiring cavalcade included jeeps, two-and-a-half-ton trucks, and enormous trailers mounted with tanks and artillery. At the time, I was a 21-year-old student in the Machinery Section of Engineering at the Tokyo Imperial University. Watching that mag nificent parade of military vehicles, I was more than impressed by the gap in industrial strength between Japan and the U. S. That realization led me to devote my whole life to the development of the Japanese auto industry. I wrote a small article concerning this incident in Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun (one of the leading business newspapers in Japan) on May 2, 1983. The English translation of this story was carried in the July 3, 1983 edition of the Topeka Capital-Journal and the September 13, 1983 issue of the Asian Wall Street Journal. The Topeka Capital-Journal headline read, "MacArthur's Jeeps Were the Toyota Catalyst.

Like the Greeks who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece, the new Argonauts--foreign-born, technically skilled entrepreneurs who travel back and forth between Silicon Valley and their home countries--seek their fortune in distant lands by launching companies far from established centers of skill and technology. Their story illuminates profound transformations in the global economy. Economic geographer AnnaLee Saxenian has followed this transformation, exploring one of its great paradoxes: how the "brain drain" has become "brain circulation," a powerful economic force for development of formerly peripheral regions. The new Argonauts--armed with Silicon Valley experience and relationships and the ability to operate in two countries simultaneously--quickly identify market opportunities, locate foreign partners, and manage cross-border business operations. The New Argonauts extends Saxenian's pioneering research into the dynamics of competition in Silicon Valley. The book brings a fresh perspective to the way that technology entrepreneurs build regional advantage in order to compete in global markets. Scholars, policymakers, and business leaders will benefit from Saxenian's firsthand research into the investors and entrepreneurs who return home to start new companies while remaining tied to powerful economic and professional communities in the United States. For Americans accustomed to unchallenged economic domination, the fast-growing capabilities of China and India may seem threatening. But as Saxenian convincingly displays in this pathbreaking book, the Argonauts have made America richer, not poorer.

"Following the success of its predecessor, the second edition updates and broadens the scope from ""country image"" to ""place branding."" Many new studies have emerged since the first edition was published, and they are integrated in the new edition. The second edition is still aimed at three audiences: students of international marketing and business courses as a supplement to global product and advertising strategy; to international marketing managers; and to those industry and government officials who must deal with the problems of creating and maintaining a country's national image. "

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First Published in 1997. Knowledge and knowledge-based resources occupy critical positions in a company’s value chain. The theme of the book is that organizational distinctive competences are asymmetrical accumulations of knowledge-based resources relative to a firm's competitors. These accumulations of knowledge and capabilities enable and constrain a firm's ability to develop competences in specific areas such as new product development. Knowledge and capabilities are sources of competitive advantage to the extent that they are non-transferable and non-imitable The imitability of knowledge-based resources is a function of two conceptually distinct attributes: tacitness and tangibility. This book looks at how the evolution of industry knowledge influences new product strategies in successive product generations of the semiconductor industry. This book also makes some basic distinctions among the types of organizational resources that tend to generate unusual economic returns.

This book provides a knowledge-based view to the dynamic capabilities in an organization. The author integrates two existing views on gaining competitive advantage: the Knowledge View which suggests that the capability of organizations to learn faster than competitors is the only source of competitiveness; and the Dynamic Capability View which speculates that a firm’s competitive advantage rests on dynamic capabilities which enable a firm to constantly renew the stock of ordinary organizational capabilities in accordance with the changes in the business environment. Using the IT sector in India as a case study, this book provides and tests a new framework--Knowledge-Based Dynamic Capabilities—in the prediction of competitive advantage in organizations.

The purpose of this book is to focus on the contribution of one of the most prominent scholars in the strategy field, Michael Porter, from both a practitioner, that is Chief Executive Officer (CEO), perspective, and from a research perspective. Using such a dual perspective may improve the relevance of strategy research for the business community. Four leading chief executives, two from European multinationals (Royal Dutch/Shell Group and Unilever N.V.) and two from important Dutch public organizations (the Port of Rotterdam and the Ministry of Economic Affairs), were invited to reflect on Porter's contributions to four levels of analysis: (1) business level strategy, (2) corporate level strategy, (3) regional competitiveness and finally (4) national competitiveness. Against this background, the book is structured as follows: Chapters 2 to 8 deal with the four mentioned levels of analysis from a dual perspective - theoretical and managerial. The two final chapters aim to find out how Porter's theories are related to each other and whether and how the different levels of analysis can be connected.