Princess Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova (1743 – 1810) was a leading figure of the Russian Enlightenment and the closest female friend of Empress Catherine the Great. By her own account, she played a critical role in the coup d'état by which the autocratic Peter III was overthrown and Catherine was raised to the throne. In her travels abroad, she met Diderot, Voltaire and Benjamin Franklin. Catherine later named her the first female head of the Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences, and then the Russian Academy.

"This memoir tell the story of a woman who at age eighteen played an important role in the coup that brought Catherine the Great to the throne. The relationship between these two women, often tense, is a central theme throughout this story. Dashkova, occupying the highly unusual position of both stateswoman and mother, also reveals her own path between the demands and limitations of the private and public spheres of her society. She provides a view of the expectations of Russian aristocratic women, the possibilities available to them, and the ways in which gender roles were conceived in the eighteenth century."--[book cover].

In 1782, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova was appointed dir. of Russia's Imperial Acad. of Arts & Sci. by Catherine the Great. It was just two years after she had met with another personality of the Enlightenment -- Benjamin Franklin, founding pres. of Amer. first scientific acad., the Amer. Philosophical Soc. (APS). The essays in this vol., pub. as a companion to an exhib. of the same title & on the occasion of the Franklin Tercentenary of 2006, highlight Dashkova as an accomplished Enlightenment woman. They explore how she, like Franklin, took up the challenge of living according to the newest ideals of her age. Nominated by Franklin in 1789 to become the first female member of the APS, she in turn made him the first Amer. member of the Russian Acad.