To all thoughtful people World War I has brought to intention the importance of a knowledge of 19th Century European history. For without such knowledge no one can understand, or begin to understand, the significance of the forces that have made it, the vastness of the issues involved, the nature of what is indisputably one of the gravest crises in the history of mankind. No citizen of a free country who takes his citizenship seriously, who considers himself responsible, to the full extent of his personal influence, for the character and conduct of his government, can, without the crudest self-stultification, admit that he knows nothing and cares nothing about the history of Europe. Contents: The Old Regime in Europe The Old Regime in France Beginnings of the Revolution The Making of the Constitution The Legislative Assembly The Convention The Directory The Consulate The Early Years of the Empire The Empire at Its Height The Decline and Fall of Napoleon The Congresses France Under the Restoration Revolutions Beyond France The Reign of Louis Philippe Central Europe in Revolt The Second French Republic and the Founding of the Second Empire The Making of the Kingdom of Italy The Unification of Germany The Second Empire and the Franco-Prussian War The German Empire France Under the Third Republic The Kingdom of Italy Since 1870 Austria-Hungary Since 1848 England From 1815 to 1868 England Since 1868 The British Empire The Partition of Africa Spain and Portugal Holland and Belgium Since 1830 Switzerland The Scandinavian States The Disruption of the Ottoman Empire and the Rise of the Balkan States Russia to the War With Japan The Far East Russia Since the 1905 War With Japan The Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 The European War Making the Peace

This history offers a powerful and original account of Germany from the eve of the French Revolution to the end of World War One. Written by a leading German historian who has transformed the historiography of modern Germany over the past two decades. Covers the whole of the long nineteenth century and emphasizes continuities through this period. Brings together political, social and cultural history. Combines a comprehensive account with a feel for the human dimension and the history of everyday life. Accessible to non-specialists, thought-provoking and entertaining. The updated second edition includes a revised bibliography.

This book explores European soldiers’ encounters with their continent’s exotic frontiers from the French Revolution to the First World War. In numerous military expeditions to Italy, Spain, Russia, Greece and the ‘Levant’ they found wild landscapes and strange societies inhabited by peoples who needed to be ‘civilized.’ Yet often they also discovered founding sites of Europe’s own ‘civilization’ (Rome, Jerusalem) or decaying reminders of ancient grandeur. The resulting encounters proved seminal in forging a military version of the ‘civilizing mission’ that shaped Europe’s image of itself as well as its relations with its own periphery during the long nineteenth century.

To all thoughtful people World War I has brought to intention the importance of a knowledge of 19th Century European history. For without such knowledge no one can understand, or begin to understand, the significance of the forces that have made it, the vastness of the issues involved, the nature of what is indisputably one of the gravest crises in the history of mankind. No citizen of a free country who takes his citizenship seriously, who considers himself responsible, to the full extent of his personal influence, for the character and conduct of his government, can, without the crudest self-stultification, admit that he knows nothing and cares nothing about the history of Europe._x000D_ Contents:_x000D_ The Old Regime in Europe_x000D_ The Old Regime in France_x000D_ Beginnings of the Revolution_x000D_ The Making of the Constitution_x000D_ The Legislative Assembly_x000D_ The Convention_x000D_ The Directory_x000D_ The Consulate_x000D_ The Early Years of the Empire_x000D_ The Empire at Its Height_x000D_ The Decline and Fall of Napoleon_x000D_ The Congresses_x000D_ France Under the Restoration_x000D_ Revolutions Beyond France_x000D_ The Reign of Louis Philippe_x000D_ Central Europe in Revolt_x000D_ The Second French Republic and the Founding of the Second Empire_x000D_ The Making of the Kingdom of Italy_x000D_ The Unification of Germany_x000D_ The Second Empire and the Franco-Prussian War_x000D_ The German Empire_x000D_ France Under the Third Republic_x000D_ The Kingdom of Italy Since 1870_x000D_ Austria-Hungary Since 1848_x000D_ England From 1815 to 1868_x000D_ England Since 1868_x000D_ The British Empire_x000D_ The Partition of Africa_x000D_ Spain and Portugal_x000D_ Holland and Belgium Since 1830_x000D_ Switzerland_x000D_ The Scandinavian States_x000D_ The Disruption of the Ottoman Empire and the Rise of the Balkan States_x000D_ Russia to the War With Japan_x000D_ The Far East_x000D_ Russia Since the 1905 War With Japan_x000D_ The Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913_x000D_ The European War_x000D_ Making the Peace

This history of the Jews in Europe examines the role played by the Jews themselves, across the whole of Europe, during the century and a half leading up to the birth of the nation of Israel, and the state-sponsored genocide of the Holocaust.

Covering territory from Russia in the east to Germany and Austria in the west, The Routledge History of East Central Europe since 1700 explores the origins and evolution of modernity in this turbulent region. This book applies fresh critical approaches to major historical controversies and debates, expanding the study of a region that has experienced persistent and profound change and yet has long been dominated by narrowly nationalist interpretations. Written by an international team of contributors that reflects the increasing globalization and pluralism of East Central European studies, chapters discuss key themes such as economic development, the relationship between religion and ethnicity, the intersection between culture and imperial, national, wartime, and revolutionary political agendas, migration, women’s and gender history, ideologies and political movements, the legacy of communism, and the ways in which various states in East Central Europe deployed and were formed by the politics of memory and commemoration. This book uses new methodologies in order to fundamentally reshape perspectives on the development of East Central Europe over the past three centuries. Transnational and comparative in approach, this volume presents the latest research on the social, cultural, political and economic history of modern East Central Europe, providing an analytical and comprehensive overview for all students of this region.

In a richly layered and beautifully illustrated narrative, Raymond Jonas tells the fascinating and surprisingly little-known story of the Sacré-Coeur, or Sacred Heart. The highest point in Paris and a celebrated tourist destination, the white-domed basilica of Sacré-Coeur on Montmartre is a key monument both to French Catholicism and to French national identity. Jonas masterfully reconstructs the history of the devotion responsible for the basilica, beginning with the apparition of the Sacred Heart to Marguerite Marie Alacoque in the seventeenth century, through the French Revolution and its aftermath, to the construction of the monumental church that has loomed over Paris since the end of the nineteenth century. Jonas focuses on key moments in the development of the cult: the founding apparition, its invocation during the plague of Marseilles, its adaptation as a royalist symbol during the French Revolution, and its elevation to a central position in Catholic devotional and political life in the crisis surrounding the Franco-Prussian War. He draws on a wealth of archival sources to produce a learned yet accessible narrative that encompasses a remarkable sweep of French politics, history, architecture, and art.