Extensive welfare, law and policy reforms characterised the making and unmaking of Keynesian states in the twentieth century. This collection highlights the gendered nature of these regulatory shifts and, specifically, the roles played by women as reformers, welfare workers and welfare recipients, in the development of welfare states historically. The contributors are leading feminist socio-legal scholars from a range of disciplines in Canada, the United States and Israel. Collectively, their analyses of women, law and poverty speak to long-standing and ongoing feminist concerns: the importance of historically informed research, the relevance of women's agency and resistance to the experience of inequality and injustice, the specificity of the experience of poor women and poor mothers, the implications of changes to social policy, and the possibilities for social change. Such analyses are particularly timely as the devastation of neo-liberalism becomes increasingly obvious. The current world crisis of capitalism is a defining moment for liberal states – a global catastrophe that concomitantly creates a window of opportunity for critical scholars and activists to reframe debates about social welfare, work, and equality, and to reinsert the discourse of social justice into the public consciousness and political agendae of liberal democracies.

This paper analyzes the legal foundations of central bank digital currency (CBDC) under central bank and monetary law. Absent strong legal foundations, the issuance of CBDC poses legal, financial and reputational risks for central banks. While the appropriate design of the legal framework will up to a degree depend on the design features of the CBDC, some general conclusions can be made. First, most central bank laws do not currently authorize the issuance of CBDC to the general public. Second, from a monetary law perspective, it is not evident that “currency” status can be attributed to CBDC. While the central bank law issue can be solved through rather straithforward law reform, the monetary law issue poses fundmental legal policy challenges.

ARTICLES IN VOLUME 2 (2013) ‘The High Court’s Attack on Federalism’, By Tim Andrews; ‘The Constitutionality of Fiat Paper Money in Australia: Fidelity or Convenience?’, By Andrew Dahdal; ‘Taking a Little off the Top: How Henry VIII and Edward VI Destroyed the Value of England’s Currency’ By Marcus M. Witcher ‘Free Markets, Competition and Medical Practice’ By Brian Bedkober ‘A Strategy for the Fourth Estate in a World Engulfed by Narrative’ By Vinay Kolhatkar ‘Departurism Redeemed – A Response to Walter Block’s ‘Evictionism is Libertarian; Departurism is Not: Critical Comment on Parr’ By Sean Parr ‘Rejoinder to Parr on Evictionism and Departurism’ By Walter Block BOOK REVIEWS The Harm in Hate Speech By David Gordon Where Keynes Went Wrong: And Why World Governments Keep Creating Inflation, Bubbles and Busts By Vinay Kolhatkar Beyond Democracy By Sukrit Sabhlok; Against Intellectual Monopoly, By Jeffrey Tucker; Betrayal of the American Right, By Andrew Dahdal.

The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)