Originally published in 1941, The Last Frontier is the story of the Cheyenne Indians in the 1870s, and their bitter struggle to flee from the Indian Territory in Oklahoma back to their home in Wyoming and Montana. Some 300 Indians, led by Little Wolf, fought against General Crook and 10,000 troops, with only 60 finally making it through to freedom. Fast extensively researched this book in the late 1930s, visiting and speaking with Cheyenne experts in Norman, Oklahoma. This was the first of Fast's many books to gain a wide popular audience; it was eventually made by John Ford into the classic film Cheyenne Autumn (1964).

The exploration, settlement, exploitation, and conflicts of the "American Old West" form a unique tapestry of events, which has been celebrated by Americans and foreigners alike—in art, music, dance, novels, magazines, short stories, poetry, theater, video games, movies, radio, television, song, and oral tradition. Many historians of the American West have written about the mythic West; the west of western literature, art and of people's shared memories. But Frederic Paxson's book takes us through the era when the American frontier was undergoing a massive transformation and when the decades old struggles of the Native Americans were finally beginning to make a dent in the old white American history... Frederic Logan Paxson was a Pulitzer Prize winning American historian and an authority on the American frontier.

This eBook edition of "The Last American Frontier (Complete Edition)" has been formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. The exploration, settlement, exploitation, and conflicts of the "American Old West" form a unique tapestry of events, which has been celebrated by Americans and foreigners alike—in art, music, dance, novels, magazines, short stories, poetry, theater, video games, movies, radio, television, song, and oral tradition. Many historians of the American West have written about the mythic West; the west of western literature, art and of people's shared memories. But Frederic Paxson's book takes us through the era when the American frontier was undergoing a massive transformation and when the decades old struggles of the Native Americans were finally beginning to make a dent in the old white American history... Frederic Logan Paxson was a Pulitzer Prize winning American historian and an authority on the American frontier.

Despite a half century of attempts by social scientists to compare frontiers around the world, the study of these regions is still closely associated with the nineteenth-century American West and the work of Frederick Jackson Turner. As a result, the very concept of the frontier is bound up in Victorian notions of manifest destiny and rugged individualism. The frontier, it would seem, has been tamed. This book seeks to open a new debate about the processes of frontier history in a variety of cultural contexts, untaming the frontier as an analytic concept, and releasing it in a range of unfamiliar settings. Drawing on examples from over four millennia, it shows that, throughout history, societies have been formed and transformed in relation to their frontiers, and that no one historical case represents the normal or typical frontier pattern. The contributorsÑhistorians, anthropologists, and archaeologistsÑpresent numerous examples of the frontier as a shifting zone of innovation and recombination through which cultural materials from many sources have been unpredictably channeled and transformed. At the same time, they reveal recurring processes of frontier history that enable world-historical comparison: the emergence of the frontier in relation to a core area; the mutually structuring interactions between frontier and core; and the development of social exchange, merger, or conflict between previously separate populations brought together on the frontier. Any frontier situation has many dimensions, and each of the chapters highlights one or more of these, from the physical and ideological aspects of EgyptÕs Nubian frontier to the military and cultural components of Inka outposts in Bolivia to the shifting agrarian, religious, and political boundaries in Bengal. They explore cases in which the centripetal forces at work in frontier zones have resulted in cultural hybridization or Òcreolization,Ó and in some instances show how satellite settlements on the frontiers of core polities themselves develop into new core polities. Each of the chapters suggests that frontiers are shaped in critical ways by topography, climate, vegetation, and the availability of water and other strategic resources, and most also consider cases of population shifts within or through a frontier zone. As these studies reveal, transnationalism in todayÕs world can best be understood as an extension of frontier processes that have developed over thousands of years. This bookÕs interdisciplinary perspective challenges readers to look beyond their own fields of interest to reconsider the true nature and meaning of frontiers.

"An exploration of the afterlife and communication with the dead. Author's career has included being both a professional psychic and a professional scholar. Addresses questions about God, heaven, and hell and gives evidence for existence beyond death. Explores historical accounts, religious scholarship, near-death experiences, and after-death communication"--Provided by publisher.