This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1922 edition. Excerpt: ... THESHANTUNG QUESTION AT THE PEACE CONFERENCE ...';. AT VERSAILLES WITH the meeting of the Allied and Associated Powers at Versailles to dictate terms of peace to Germany, the Shantung question reached an acute stage, where it was possible either to make out of it an example of settlement based upon international justice and morality, or to intensify a serious international grievance and make its redress more remote and more difficult. The Peace Conference was organised in Paris on January 18, 1919. The first Plenary Session of the Conference was held on January 25. With the election of its President, with the appointment of numerous commissions and sub-commissions, and with the creation of the so-called "Council of Ten" composed of two representatives from each of the five "Principal Powers," the machinery of the Conference to formulate the conditions of peace to end the Great War was set in full swing. It should be noted that a line was clearly drawn, in the proceedings of the Conference, between the great and minor Powers. The United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan styled themselves as "the Principal Allied and Associated Powers," and the other twelve minor nations were called merely "the Allied and Associated Powers." Inasmuch as the Council of Ten handled practically, at the early stage of the Conference, the main portion of its business, and inasmuch as the small Powers had no representation in the Council, it was not very far from the truth to say that, in the organisation and the proceedings of the Conference, the five "Principal Powers" enjoyed the position similar to that of the judges of a Supreme Court, to which the minor Powers presented their cases for judgment. It is important to bear...

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Drawing on sources in Japanese, Chinese, and American archives and libraries, this book reassesses another facet of Woodrow Wilson's agenda at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I. Breaking with accepted scholarly opinions, the author argues that Wilson did not "betray" China, as many Chinese and Western scholars have charged; rather, Wilson successfully negotiated a compromise with the Japanese to ensure that China's sovereignty would be respected in Shandong Province. Rejecting the compromise, Chinese negotiators refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles, creating conditions for the Soviet Union's entry into China and its later influence over the course of the Chinese revolution.

The war-time series for 1939-46, edited by A. J. Toynbee, comprises the following volumes: [v.1] The world in March 1939, edited by A. J. Toynbee and F. T. Ashton-Gwatkin.--[v.2] The Middle East in the war, by G. Kirk.--[v.3] America, Britain & Russia, their co-operation and conflict, 1941-1946, by W. H. McNeill.--[v.4] Hitler's Europe, edited by A. Toynbee and V. M. Toynbee.--[v.5] The Middle East, 1945-1950, by G. Kirk.--[v.6] The realignment of Europe, edited by A. Toynbee and V. M. Toynbee.--[v.7] The Far East, 1942-1946, by F. C. Jones, H. Borton and B. R. Pearn.--[v.8] Four-power control in Germany and Austria, 1945-1946. I. Germany, by M. Balfour. II. Austria, by J. Mair.--[v.9] The war and the neutrals, edited by A. Toynbee and V. M. Toynbee.--[v.10] The eve of war, 1939, edited by A. Toynbee and V. M. Toynbee.--[v.11] The initial triumph of the Axis, edited by A. Toynbee and V. M. Toynbee.