Arequipa, Peru's second largest city, has the most intense regional culture in the central Andes. Arequipeños fiercely conceive of themselves as exceptional and distinctive, yet also broadly representative of the nation's overall hybrid nature—a blending of coast (modern, "white") and sierra (traditional, "indigenous"). The Independent Republic of Arequipa investigates why and how this regional identity developed in a boom of cultural production after the War of the Pacific (1879–1884) through the mid-twentieth century. Drawing on decades of ethnographic fieldwork, Thomas F. Love offers the first anthropological history of southwestern Peru's distinctive regional culture. He examines both its pre-Hispanic and colonial altiplano foundations (anchored in continuing pilgrimage to key Marian shrines) and the nature of its mid-nineteenth century "revolutionary" identity in cross-class resistance to Lima's autocratic control of nation-building in the post-Independence state. Love then examines Arequipa's early twentieth-century "mestizo" identity (an early and unusual case of "browning" of regional identity) in the context of raging debates about the "national question" and the "Indian problem," as well as the post-WWII development of extravagant displays of distinctive bull-on-bull fighting that now constitute the very performance of regional identity. Love's research reveals that Arequipa's "traditional" local culture, symbolically marked by populist, secular, and rural elements, was in fact a project of urban-based, largely middle-class cultural entrepreneurs, invented to counter continuing Limeño autocratic power, marked by nostalgia, and anxious about the inclusion of the nation's indigenous majority as full modern citizens.

Although Jesuit contributions to European expansion in the early modern period have attracted considerable scholarly interest, the legacy of José de Acosta (1540–1600) is still defined by his contributions to natural history. The Theologian and the Empire presents a new biography of Acosta, focused on his participation in colonial and imperial politics. The most important Jesuit active in the Americas in the sixteenth century, Acosta was fundamentally a political operator. His actions on both sides of the Atlantic informed both Peruvian colonial life and the Jesuit order at the dawn of the seventeenth century.

Whether you want to hike the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, explore the Peruvian Amazon, or enjoy Lima’s world-class food and museums, the local Fodor’s travel experts in Peru are here to help! Fodor’s Essential Peru, 2nd Edition guidebook is packed with maps, carefully curated recommendations, and everything else you need to simplify your trip-planning process and make the most of your time. This new edition has been fully-redesigned with an easy-to-read layout, fresh information, and beautiful color photos. Fodor’s “Essential” guides have been named by Booklist as the Best Travel Guide Series of 2020! Fodor’s Essential Peru travel guide includes: AN ILLUSTRATED ULTIMATE EXPERIENCES GUIDE to the top things to see and do. MULTIPLE ITINERARIES to effectively organize your days and maximize your time. MORE THAN 30 DETAILED MAPS to help you navigate confidently. COLOR PHOTOS throughout to spark your wanderlust! HONEST RECOMMENDATIONS FROM LOCALS on the best sights, restaurants, hotels, nightlife, shopping, performing arts, activities, side-trips, and more. PHOTO-FILLED “BEST OF” FEATURES on “What to Eat and Drink,” “Incredible Ancient Wonders,” “What to Buy,” “Peru’s Top Museums,” and more. TRIP-PLANNING TOOLS AND PRACTICAL TIPS including when to go, getting around, beating the crowds, and saving time and money. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL INSIGHTS providing rich context on the local people, politics, art, architecture, cuisine, music, geography and more. SPECIAL FEATURES on “The Peruvian Amazon,” “The Cordillera Blanca,” “Nazca Lines,” “The Islands of Lake Titicaca,” “What to Watch and Read Before You Visit,” and more. LOCAL WRITERS to help you find the under-the-radar gems. SPANISH LANGUAGE PRIMER with useful words and essential phrases. UP-TO-DATE COVERAGE ON: Lima, Machu Picchu, the Inca Trail, Cusco, Nazca, the Peruvian Amazon, the Sacred Valley, Lake Titicaca, Trujilo, and more. Planning on visiting? Check out Fodor’s Essential Chile and Fodor’s Essential Argentina. *Important note for digital editions: The digital edition of this guide does not contain all the images or text included in the physical edition. ABOUT FODOR'S AUTHORS: Each Fodor's Travel Guide is researched and written by local experts. Fodor’s has been offering expert advice for all tastes and budgets for over 80 years. For more travel inspiration, you can sign up for our travel newsletter at fodors.com/newsletter/signup, or follow us @FodorsTravel on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. We invite you to join our friendly community of travel experts at fodors.com/community to ask any other questions and share your experience with us!

Surveys South America's history, geography, and cultures, offers advice on sights and activities in each country from Argentina to Venezuela, and recommends restaurants and hotels

Ancient Incan ruins, misty mountains, mysterious lines in the desert, gorgeous coastline--it all comes alive in this full-color guide to South America's most dynamic country. The book includes in-depth coverage of Machu Picchu and the Inca Trail with maps, history, and tips on what to look for.

Written by locals, Fodor's travel guides have been offering expert advice for all tastes and budgets for 80 years. Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley of the Inca, and the Nazca lines are among the most-visited and awe-inspiring archaeological sites in the world. Bursting with beautiful full-color photos, Fodor's Peru provides expert insider advice on everything from the best guides to the Inca Trail to how to experience native cultures on Lake Titicaca. This travel guide includes: · Dozens of full-color maps · Hundreds of hotel and restaurant recommendations, with Fodor's Choice designating our top picks · Multiple itineraries to explore the top attractions and what’s off the beaten path · Coverage of Lima, The Southern Coast, The Southern Andes and Lake Titicaca, Cusco and The Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu and the Inca Trail, The Amazon Basin, The Central Highlands, The North Coast and Northern Highlands, and Bolivia