Background: lmpulsive buys account far a significant amount of purchases, and fashion merchandise proved to be one of the main categories subject to this behaviour. The greatest impact on impulsive buying is represented by the interaction of dispositional factors (i.e. impulsive personality trait) and situational factors (Amos, Holmes, & Keneson, 2014). Regarding impulsivity, this is regarded as a multifaceted construct, originally based on a fourfactor model: urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001). In 2007, Cyders and colleagues included a fifth dimension, called positive urgency: this trait referred to the tendency of reacting with an automatic response under strong positive emotions, and it proved not to overlap with elements of behavioural activation system (Gray, 1987), nor with the four facets of impulsivity defined by Whiteside and Lynam (2001). Moreover, positive urgency proved to be a valid predictor of risky behaviours and positive mood-based rash actions. However, the impact of positive urgency had not been studied in detail within the impulsive shopping framework. Purpose: Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the relationship between impulsive buying and the positive urgency trait, activated by a strong positive mood caused by externa! triggers. The goal of the research was to prove the influence of this impulsivity trait on consumer behaviour, filling a specific gap of the theoretical framework related to antecedents of impulsive buying on the one hand, and providing store managers with advices and suggestions on how to promote impulsive purchases on the other. The focus of the study was the clothing industry, as fashion products were regarded as one of the product categories mostly subject to impulsive purchases. Research question: The impact of the impulsivity trait called "positive urgency" on impulsive shopping behavior: is it a potential predictor? Methodology: Respondents had to fill in an online questionnaire, spread via email or on social networks and based on Lykert-style scales assessing shopping habits, personality traits, reaction to stimuli, and tendency to adopt an impulsive buying behaviour. Subsequently, the data collected were used to create a structural equation model explaining the phenomenon of impulsive buying in relationship with the determined antecedents - negative urgency.

Background: lmpulsive buys account for a significant amount of purchases, and fashion merchandise proved to be one of the main categories subject to this behaviour. The greatest impact on impulsive buying is represented by the interaction of dispositional factors (i.e. impulsive personality trait) and situational factors (Amos, Holmes, & Keneson, 2014). Regarding impulsivity, this is regarded as a multifaceted construct, originally based on a tourfactor model: urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001). In 2007, Cyders and colleagues included a fifth dimension, called positive urgency: this trait referred to the tendency of reacting with an automatic response under strong positive emotions, and it proved not to overlap with elements of behavioural activation system (Gray, 1987), nor with the tour facets of impulsivity defined by Whiteside and Lynam (2001 ). Moreover, positive urgency proved to be a valid predictor of risky behaviours and positive mood-based rash actions. However, the impact of positive urgency had not been studied in detail within the impulsive shopping framework. Purpose: Theretore, the aim of the research was to study the relationship between impulsive buying and the positive urgency trait, activated by a strong positive mood caused by externa! triggers. The goal of the research was to prove the influence of this impulsivity trait on consumer behaviour, filling a specific gap of the theoretical framework related to antecedents of impulsive buying on the one hand, and providing store managers with advices and suggestions on how to promote impulsive purchases on the other. The tocus of the study was the clothing industry, as fashion products were regarded as one of the product categories mostly subject to impulsive purchases. Research question: The impact of the impulsivity trait called "positive urgency" on impulsive shopping behavior: is it a potential predictor? Methodology: Respondents had to fill in an online questionnaire, spread via email or on social networks and based on Lykert-style scales assessing shopping habits, personality traits, reaction to stimuli, and tendency to adopt an impulsive buying behaviour. Subsequently, the data collected were used to create a structural equation model explaining the phenomenon of impulsive buying in relationship with the determined antecedents - negative urgency,

Consumers’ beliefs and attitudes towards online sales significantly influence buying behavior on the internet. However, the impact of these thoughts and beliefs on the decision to make an online purchase is not direct. It can be moderated by the emotions experienced while browsing an e-commerce website. Impulse buying in particular is influenced by a number of factors, for example how stimulating the e-shopping platform is, and how easy it is to click on the cart a certain product, for instance a smartphone. But what happens after an online impulse buy is made? Often the customer can regret the purchase and in the throes of anxiety, look for reasons to justify the choices made. Consumer behaviour scholars and pyschologists call this phenomenon cognitive dissonance, and certain individuals are more sensitive than others in developing this than others. This book offers a deep investigation around online impulse buying and subsequent cognitive dissonance. Specifically, the authors present a research case study of a group of millenials who are shopping for smartphones to study whether an initial positive state can reduce the onset of cognitive dissonance in consumers. Based on substantial research and a sample of 212 impulsive millennial buyers, the book provides a comprehensive, but simple and synthetic framework of impulse buying, cognitive dissonance and positive affect state, highlighting their relationships.

This book emphasizes on Impulse buying, its concepts and consumer insights. Consumer behaviour is always a remarkably interesting topic and complex subject for all marketers and retailers. Retailers have long recognised the value of impulse purchases, which have contributed significantly to their bottom lines. Getting customers to buy on impulse is a tried-and-true approach to increase average purchase value in any retail store. Marketers and retailers tend to exploit these impulses which are tied to the basic want for instant gratification. The entry of foreign products into the Indian market, growth in the organised retail industry, increasing disposable income, favourable demographic segmentation, and changing culture and lifestyle, Indian consumers' shopping behaviour has radically changed, and impulse buying is emerging as a highly noticeable behaviour. In this background, we are privileged and honoured by the interest of the academicians, research scholars and students that this Book on “Impulse Buying Behaviour” will contribute to the changing scenarios in the Field of Marketing. [email protected], for further suggestions and improvement.

Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: Pass, , course: MBA - Consumer Behaviour, language: English, abstract: Consumer behaviour is always a very interesting and complex subject for all marketers and retailers. This study is also about a part of this complex subject- Impulse Buying behaviour found among Apparel Buyers and the influence of special prices and other factors on it. The study dealt with a very important topic in the modern fierce competition scenario, because impulse buying tendency spread all over the world and it is no more crazy habits of Americans. The income from impulse purchases phenomenally increasing every year and that’s why the subject getting more and more importance these days. The tendency is more intense as far as apparel purchases are concerned. Here the author did an effort to understand the causes and factors for impulse buying in apparels. Commonly special price is considered to be the most influential factor of impulse purchases. This study was comparative study between the influence of special prices and other variables. The methodology used for primary data collection was a combination of a questionnaire survey and a personal interview after that, with the customers of a leading retailer store for apparels in London. About 60 customers were surveyed. The result was pretty interesting, the variables studied in the research found to be more or less equal influential on customers though special prices top the list with a very little margin. The study concluded that most of the impulse purchases happen due to a combined influence of various factors. The impulse generated when a customer see an in- store display indicating a special price of a product can be taken as an example. So, for marketers, in order to make good results in impulse purchases they should coordinate various variables in an effective way, instead of concentrating only on a particular factor. The small size of sample and uncontrollable condition of current world economic condition could be taken as limitations for this study; otherwise the study was pretty general and standard in nature and was very useful and informative for practical applications.

Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Communications - Public Relations, Advertising, Marketing, Social Media, grade: 6,0, University of St. Gallen (Institute of Retail Management), language: English, abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to examine impulse buying from the consumer’s perspective, pinpoint criteria that help to identify impulse shoppers, and help retail managers increase the level of impulse buying in their stores. Two studies were conducted: An online study (N=72), and a field study in a drugstore that comprised 111 participants. The extant literature on impulse buying was comprehensively reviewed to give the reader profound background knowledge. The online study yielded rich descriptions of consumers’ definitions of impulse purchases and self-reported impulse purchase episodes. Both studies corroborated the important role of emotions in impulse buying and identified the most prevalent emotions. The pervasiveness of a variety of impulse buying motives was determined, as well as the importance of different retailer-related buying determinants. The field study also served to detect seven variables, out of fifteen, that help to distinguish impulse shoppers. The author addresses the studies’ limitations, indicates promising future research avenues, and derives managerial implications from the studies’ results. The thesis provides insights into shoppers’ view of impulse buying and serves as a starting point for retail managers seeking to increase the level of impulse purchasing in their stores.

Although past research demonstrates that a significant percentage of impulsive purchases come from sales promotions, no studies to date have examined the psychological mechanisms leading to this influence. To better understand the role of sales promotions in impulse buying situations, this dissertation aims to address this critical gap. To this end, first of all, we investigate cognitive-affective-behavioural processes underlying the influence of sales promotions on impulsive purchases. Further, we examine the moderating role of sales promotions category on these processes. Finally, we study how these processes differ among consumers with different personality traits. This dissertation adopts a cognitive-affective approach to impulse buying. It claims that cognitive deliberation also plays a mediating role between external stimuli and impulse buying behaviour, although affective reactions would have more influence. Emotions towards promotions are defined in terms of subjective feeling states experienced by consumers at a given point of time towards a promotion. Clusters of emotions with the same polarity are referred to as either positive or negative promotion affect. Promotion cognition is defined as the evaluative meaning of a sales promotion in terms of the benefits that can be derived out of it with the purchase of the promoted product. We investigate the mediating role of promotion affect and promotion cognitions in impulse buying process of promoted products. We also examine the relevance of the construct of promotion affect by studying whether promotion affect and promotion cognition play complementary or redundant roles in predicting consumer impulsive behaviour. Our results reveal that two separate coexisting mechanisms, affect transfer and cognitions, are the underlying foundations of impulse buying decisions of promoted products. Consistent with the Appraisal theory, cognitive evaluation of the benefits of a promotion prompts consumer affective responses. This promotion affect in turn mediates the influence of promotion cognitions on consumer impulse buying behaviour. Past research finds that consumer impulsive responses to promotions differ from a sales promotion category to other. However, the cause underlying this difference is still understudied in the literature. This dissertation aims to address this gap. It attributes this difference to the fact that psychological antecedents vary between purchases of products promoted with different types of promotions. Therefore, it examines the moderating role of sales promotion category on the process of impulse buying. The results confirm this role. They demonstrate that impulsive purchase of a product promoted by a non-monetary sales promotion is an all pleasure act; hedonic promotion cognitions and positive promotion affect that consumers experience have a significant influence on their impulsive purchase. On the other hand, in the case of monetary sales promotions, consumers make a cost-benefit evaluation where they also consider their utilitarian cognitions and negative affect that they may experience towards the sales promotion. The role of consumer personality traits is emphasized in both the impulse buying and behavioural pricing literature. To contribute to this understanding, this dissertation investigates the role of consumer personality traits in cognitive-affective triggers of impulsive promotional responses. Two consumer personality traits related to consumers' attention and reaction to sales promotions and their propensity to make impulsive purchases are buying impulsiveness trait and deal-proneness trait. The results confirm that these traits influence affect and cognition that consumers experience towards promotions. They also moderate the process of impulse buying. Moreover, the results of our analysis about the relationship between buying impulsiveness and deal-proneness traits show that although both traits result in increased buying urges and impulsive purchases, they differ in focus and underlying affective and cognitive reactions. Impulsive consumers make impulsive purchases due to their strong reward seeking tendency, whereas the impulsive purchase of deal-prone consumers is a deliberative act of self-indulgence to gain from utilitarian benefits of promotional offers. This dissertation makes important contributions to the behavioural pricing and impulse buying literature. Our results demonstrate how sales promotions encourage consumers to purchase on impulse. We also confirm that promotion affect is a previously overlooked standalone predictor of consumer promotional responses. Moreover, sales promotion category and consumer personality traits are found to moderate cognitive-affective-behavioural triggers of impulsive promotional purchases. Finally, managerial implications are provided and it is discussed how to manipulate sales promotion characteristics in order to encourage impulsive purchases across consumers with different levels of buying impulsiveness and deal-proneness traits. Keywords: Buyer behaviour, Impulse buying, Sales promotion, Emotional response, Promotion affect, Cognitive response, Promotion Cognition, Buying impulsiveness trait, Deal-proneness trait.