"Women and Economics" subtitled as "A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution" is a book written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and published in 1898. It is considered by many to be her single greatest work, and as with much of Gilman's writing, the book touched a few dominant themes: the transformation of marriage, the family, and the home, with her central argument: "the economic independence and specialization of women as essential to the improvement of marriage, motherhood, domestic industry, and racial improvement. Table of Contents: Women and Economics The Home: Its Works and Influence The Humanness of Women The Beauty Women Have Lost Woman and The State Women Teachers, Married and Unmarried Our Overworked Instincts Her Pets Private Morality and Public Immorality The New Motherhood The Nun in The Kitchen Kitchen-Mindedness Parlor-Mindedness Nursery-Mindedness Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935) was a prominent American feminist, sociologist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform. She was a utopian feminist during a time when her accomplishments were exceptional for women, and she served as a role model for future generations of feminists because of her unorthodox concepts and lifestyle. Her best remembered work today is her semi-autobiographical short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum psychosis.

The Jamaican writer and cultural theorist Sylvia Wynter is best known for her diverse writings that pull together insights from theories in history, literature, science, and black studies, to explore race, the legacy of colonialism, and representations of humanness. Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis is a critical genealogy of Wynter’s work, highlighting her insights on how race, location, and time together inform what it means to be human. The contributors explore Wynter’s stunning reconceptualization of the human in relation to concepts of blackness, modernity, urban space, the Caribbean, science studies, migratory politics, and the interconnectedness of creative and theoretical resistances. The collection includes an extensive conversation between Sylvia Wynter and Katherine McKittrick that delineates Wynter’s engagement with writers such as Frantz Fanon, W. E. B. DuBois, and Aimé Césaire, among others; the interview also reveals the ever-extending range and power of Wynter’s intellectual project, and elucidates her attempts to rehistoricize humanness as praxis.

"Woman Critiqued will make us wonder why we thought we could grasp modern Japanese literature without concerted attention to what men and women had to say about women’s literary production. This remarkable collection is full of surprises, even where predictable arguments are being made. Careful translations of writings by the familiar and the obscure, together with thought-provoking introductions and supporting apparatus, make this an indispensable text for the study of modern Japanese culture and society." —Norma M. Field, University of Chicago Over the past thirty years translations of Japanese women’s writing and biographies of women writers have enriched and expanded our understanding of modern Japanese literature. But how have women writers been received and read in Japan? To appreciate the subterfuges, strategies, and choices that the modern Japanese woman writer has faced, readers must consider the criticisms leveled against her, the expectations and admonitions that have been whispered in her ear, and pay attention to the way she herself has responded. What did it mean to be a woman writer in twentieth-century Japan? How was she defined and how did this definition limit her artistic sphere? Woman Critiqued builds on existing scholarship by offering English-language readers access to some of the more salient critiques that have been directed at women writers, on the one hand, and reactions to these by women writers, on the other. The grouping of the essays into chapters organized by theme clarifies how the discussion in Japan has been framed by certain assumptions and how women have repeatedly tried to intervene by playing with, undercutting, or attempting to exceed these assumptions. Chapter introductions contextualize the translated essays historically and draw out aspects that warrant particular scrutiny or explication. Although the translators do not cover all aspects or genres identified with women’s literary endeavors in the twentieth-century, they provide a significant understanding of the evaluative systems under which Japanese women writers have worked. Woman Critiqued will be eagerly read by specialists in modern Japanese literature and those interested in comparative literature, women’s studies, gender studies, and history. Featured writers: Akitsu Ei, Akiyama Shun, Hara Shiro, Hasegawa Izumi, Kobayashi Hideo, Kora Rumiko, Matsuura Rieko, Mishima Yukio, Mitsuhashi Takajo, Mizuta Noriko, Miwata Masako, Oguri Fuyo, Okuno Takeo, Ooka Makoto, Saito Minako, Shibusawa Tatsuhiko, Setouchi Harumi, Takahara Eiri, Takahashi Junko, Takahashi Takako, Tanaka Miyoko, Tomioka Taeko, Tsujii Takashi, Tanizaki Jun’ichiro, Tsushima Yoko, Yosano Akiko. Translators: Tomoko Aoyama, Jan Bardsley, Janine Beichman, Rebecca L. Copeland, Mika Endo, Joan E. Ericson, Barbara Hartley, Maryellen Toman Mori, Yoshiko Nagaoka, Kathryn Pierce, Laurel Rasplica Rodd, Amanda Seaman, Eiji Sekine, Judy Wakabayashi.

This study is a critique of the institutional structures and cultural dynamics that pose obstructions to U.S. ratification. The United States is a liberal democratic state founded upon ideals of freedom and equality, thus the history of non-ratification of major international human rights treaties appears to be an anomaly. This book suggests that it is not. Liberal democracy, as it was conceived and has developed in the United States, is problematic as a model in the globalization of concern for women's human rights. This study is not a comparative examination of state exclusion and oppression of women. Neither is it an attempt to distinguish the United States in the larger sense from other Western liberal democratic regimes in its treatment of women. Rather, the study is a gender-sensitive examination of specific dynamics and characteristics inherent to the socio-political, economic, and legal systems of the United States which have precluded incorporation of the rights of women on an equal basis with the rights of men. The interaction of these dynamics and characteristics describes a uniquely American view of itself and its own history which serves to render the U.S. system troublesome as an examplar for state incorporation of the human rights of women. Unreserved ratification of CEDAW constitutes a strong indication of effort, by the ratifying state, to protect the human rights of women. The United States has refused to ratify CEDAW.

Stereotype is a pervasive and persistent human tendency that stems from a basic cognitive need to categorize, simplify, and process the complex world. This tendency is a precondition for social bias, prejudice, and discrimination. Previous research has mainly focused on the content, psychological mechanisms, and intervention strategies of negative stereotypes, as well as the stereotype threat phenomenon induced by an evaluative context where a negative in-group stereotype could be confirmed. However, there is a lack of research examining the psychological process of forming and internalizing social stereotypes, the neurocognitive mechanisms of stereotypes, and the interventions (including potential neurocognitive interventions) addressing the consequences of negative stereotypes. Furthermore, as per the Behavioral Immune System (BIS) theory, the very presence of a pathogen is likely to increase stereotyping across various social categories, especially in those with a heightened perception of vulnerability to disease. Thus, stereotypes can be enhanced in the context of pathogen exposure such as the current outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. People exposed to the virus are more likely to suffer from personal and institutional stereotypes and discrimination, which may cause negative consequences to personal and social well-being. Therefore, in the current context of global Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to investigate the increasing biases (driven by stereotypes) regarding viewing pathogens as a threat, which holds across different social categories. Specifically, what constitutes and shapes stereotypes towards people living in epidemic areas? What are the consequences of these short-term shaped stereotypes? What is the relationship between the consequences of these stereotypes and traditional stereotypes (i.e., stereotypes towards race, gender, and age)? Will these short-term stereotypes interact with traditional stereotypes to exacerbate discrimination, or will the recategorization based on the short-term stereotypes during Covid-19 pandemic allow people to ignore the traditional inferior social identity, and in turn to promote social integration among different groups? And how can we prevent the increasing tendency of relying on stereotypes, and instead, increase pro-social behaviors in the Covid-19 context? The current Research Topic focuses on understanding the psychological process of forming and internalizing social stereotypes, the neurocognitive mechanisms of stereotypes, as well as interventions (including potential neurocognitive interventions) regarding the consequences of negative stereotypes. And we also aim to gather the latest research investigating the broad psychological process of social stereotyping, with an emphasis on the implications under the Covid-19 context. That is, this Research Topic is also interested in the negative stereotypes specific to Covid-19 pandemic as well as relevant preventative interventions aimed at people perceived as at higher Covid-19 exposure risk. Theoretical and empirical research from psychology, sociology and related fields is welcome. Examples of possible themes for manuscripts include but are not limited to the following topics: • The content of stereotypes; • Social categorization and discrimination based on stereotypes; • Traditional stereotypes and their consequences; • The psychological process of social stereotype formation and internalization; • The mechanisms (including neurocognitive mechanisms) of stereotypes and its consequences; • The stereotype-neutralizing interventions (including neurocognitive intervention) strategies towards negative stereotypes; • The psychological process of stereotypes during Covid-19 pandemic; • The social group categorization and social cohesion during Covid-19 pandemic; • The interactions between traditional stereotypes towards social groups seen as inferior in the dominant culture and the short-term stereotypes during Covid-19 pandemic; • The strategies of tackling stereotypes in Covid-19 pandemic.

This shocking report turns the spotlight of modern biology on the battle of the sexes-- and proves that men and women belong to different species... true humans and beast humans! And the female (true) human is much more highly evolved than the male! Don't miss these shocking details! the questionnaire that allows you to determine your own evolutionary status! the nationally acclaimed do-it-yourself bestialization program! answers to the six-most-often-asked questions about heterosexuality, a disease that strikes nine out of ten Americans! startling accounts of sexual fulfillment after death! and dozens of other fascinating case histories, amazing experiments, and shattering discoveries!

Exploring questions of sexuality and gender, this volume brings together ten core thinkers in the field of lesbian and gay studies and provides an essential introduction to this interdisciplinary field as well as the processes by which new—and queer—ideas are thought into being. The collection begins with Joan Nestle, exploring the outsider status of lesbians through the complex life of a working-class black lesbian born in the South, who lived in New York and experienced the transition from complete marginalization to gay pride. It ends with Judith Butler, who speaks on broadening our concept of human rights in the aftermath of September 11. The collection also includes Edmund White on queer fiction and criticism, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick on the dialogics of love, John D'Emilio on gay civil rights activist Bayard Rustin, Esther Newton on being "butch", and lectures by Barbara Smith, Monique Wittig, Samuel R. Delany, and Cherrie Moraga. Alisa Solomon and Martin Duberman of CLAGS discuss the genesis of the lecture series and reflect on the evolution of lesbian and gay studies over its first ten years.