Scientist Stephen R. Duren from the University of South Florida presents recent novel findings of monumental importance pertaining to Sanskrit artifacts located in various museums around the world. The reason as to why a Scientist has written a book about Sanskrit archaeology and history is as follows; After confirmation from precise spelling and accurate descriptions of known Sumerian and Hindu deities, precise phonetic spelling of proper names of known civilizations, a comparison to known alphabets, a technical analysis of the Sanskrit language, and obvious embellishments serving as confirmation of various common words such as a picture of a rose next to the word rose, a reed next to the word reed, a moon next to the word moon, a sun with bird face next to a word that means both sun and bird, a man carrying bags next to the word bag-carrier, a vegetable next to the word vegetable, etc.: the ancient writing system of Indus Script, which is thought to have existed circa 1,700-3,000 BCE, has been fully deciphered and the language is the known ancient Sanskrit language. And so, thousands of Indus Script inscriptions have been translated into Sanskrit and then into English, and the most entertaining and historically significant inscriptions have been added into this book, which is meant to be an easy to read and entertaining instruction manual for the reader to learn how to read Indus Script, and by doing so; the reader will gain insight into this exciting time period of the ancient world and the culture of this highly advanced civilization. Although these finding may sound fantastical; the decipherment is presented with overwhelming supporting evidence. Once the reader learns the basics of Indus Script in Chapter 1, the reader will then go on to read a more difficult and older style of Indus Script, which dates back to 3,500 BCE in the Indus Valley city of Harappa (currently thought to be "proto-writing"). And so, as one would imagine: the oldest phonetic writing of the planet is included in this book, which is again the prehistoric parent writing system of Indus Script, called "Sanskrit Script", and these inscriptions explain many historical mysteries pertaining to multiple ancient civilizations outside of the Indus Valley, including prehistoric Sumeria, Egypt, and Europe, for reasons that one would have to read the core evidence in chapters 1-3 to believe (the main reason being that archaeologists have found Sanskrit Script inscriptions in these locations, which are clearly legible, and that these inscriptions have also been misidentified as "proto-writing"). The translation of inscriptions in a time which was previously pre-historic sheds light on multiple aspects of human culture and religion. Lastly, and most shockingly; the data presented in this book suggests that the Minoan alphabet is a later style of Sanskrit Script with additional letters that are seen in the later Phoenician, Greek, and Brahmi Script Alphabets, and therefore; the Minoan alphabet has been correctly identified as the parent writing system of the Phoenician alphabet. Minoan inscriptions pertaining to significant world events, such as the Minoan Volcanic Eruption Event (also recorded in Egyptian Hieroglyphics), are included in this book: including inscriptions detailing the interactions between the Minoans and people with "barely shaped like the beak of a crow"...

We learn about it from our parents and teachers, we get better at it as we grow up, and in adult life we do it without a thought - writing.

This book is the second volume of a two-volume edition based on the International Society for Information Studies Summit Vienna 2015 on 'The Information Society at the Crossroads. Response and Responsibility of the Sciences of Information' (see summit.is4is.org).The book gives an up-to-date multiaspect exposition of contemporary studies in the field of information and related areas. It presents most recent achievements, ideas and opinions of leading researchers in this domain reflecting their quest for advancing information science and technology. With the goal of building a better society, in which social and technological innovations help make information key to the flourishing of humanity, we dispense with the bleak view of the dark side of information society.It is aimed at readers that conduct research into any aspect of information, information society and information technology, who develop or implement social or technological applications. It is also for those who have an interest in participating in setting the goals for the sciences of information and the social applications of technological achievements and the scientific results.

Of the writing systems of the ancient world which still await deciphering, the Indus script is the most important. It developed in the Indus or Harappan Civilization, which flourished c. 2500-1900 BC in and around modern Pakistan, collapsing before the earliest historical records of South Asia were composed. Nearly 4,000 samples of the writing survive, mainly on stamp seals and amulets, but no translations. Professor Parpola is the chief editor of the Corpus of Indus Seals and Inscriptions. His ideas about the script, the linguistic affinity of the Harappan language, and the nature of the Indus religion are informed by a remarkable command of Aryan, Dravidian, and Mesopotamian sources, archaeological materials, and linguistic methodology. His fascinating study confirms that the Indus script was logo-syllabic, and that the Indus language belonged to the Dravidian family.

Ranging from cuneiform to shorthand, from archaic Greek to modern Chinese, from Old Persian to modern Cherokee, this is the only available work in English to cover all of the world's writing systems from ancient times to the present. Describing scores of scripts in use now or in the past around the world, this unusually comprehensive reference offers a detailed exploration of the history and typology of writing systems. More than eighty articles by scholars from over a dozen countries explain and document how a vast array of writing systems work--how alphabets, ideograms, pictographs, and hieroglyphics convey meaning in graphic form. The work is organized in thirteen parts, each dealing with a particular group of writing systems defined historically, geographically, or conceptually. Arranged according to the chronological development of writing systems and their historical relationships within geographical areas, the scripts are divided into the following sections: the ancient Near East, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. Additional parts address the ongoing process of decipherment of ancient writing systems; the adaptation of traditional scripts to new languages; new scripts invented in modern times; and graphic symbols for numerical, music, and movement notation. Each part begins with an introductory article providing the social and cultural context in which the group of writing systems was developed. Articles on individual scripts detail the historical origin of the writing system, its structure (with tables showing the forms of the written symbols), and its relationship to the phonology of the corresponding spoken language. Each writing system is illustrated by a passage of text, and accompanied by a romanized version, a phonetic transcription, and a modern English translation. A bibliography suggesting further reading concludes each entry. Matched by no other work in English, The World's Writing Systems is the only comprehensive resource covering every major writing system. Unparalleled in its scope and unique in its coverage of the way scripts relate to the languages they represent, this is a resource that anyone with an interest in language will want to own, and one that should be a part of every library's reference collection.

"Starting with the origins of writing five thousand years ago, with cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs, Andrew Robinson explains how these early forms of writing developed into hundreds of scripts including the Roman alphabet and the Chinese characters. He reveals how the modern writing system we take for granted - including airport signage and electronic text messaging - resemble ancient scripts much more closely than we think." --Book Jacket.

"This 10-volume compilation of authoritative, research-based articles contributed by thousands of researchers and experts from all over the world emphasized modern issues and the presentation of potential opportunities, prospective solutions, and future directions in the field of information science and technology"--Provided by publisher.