This book, first published in Russian in 1958, is an authoritative account of the development of international law scholarship in Russia up to the 1917 Revolution. Newly translated with extensive corrections, annotations, and a bibliography, Grabar's study is an exhaustive guide to Russian literature on the law of nations that places those writings and their authors in the larger context of contemporary political, diplomatic, cultural, and economic developments of the period. It will be important reading for a wide range of lawyers, historians, and sovietologists.

An Encyclopedic Treatise on the St. Petersburg School Based on unprecedented use of archival sources in St. Petersburg and the United States, this encyclopedic treatise is dedicated to the individuals associated with the development of international legal doctrine and state practice for two centuries in the capital of the Russian Empire. Well over four hundred are identified and the contributions of principal figures are summarized or critiqued. St. Petersburg University, which celebrated its 300th anniversary in 2024, is the key institution, but others played a role. The contributions of each are examined. The "St. Petersburg School" is broadly construed to encompass jurists and international legal practitioners whose contact with the capital was brief, but nonetheless documented. The ethnic origins of the St. Petersburg international legal community are impressive in their diversity: Russians, Ukrainians, Belorussians, Georgians, Moldovans, Poles, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Baltic Germans, Jews, and Hungarians, augmented by individuals from Scandinavian and Western European countries. Extensive bibliographical references, as well as photographs of 60 of the lawyers, enrich the existing corpus of contributions by St. Petersburg to international legal doctrine. William E. Butler has written extensively on the history of international law, including as the editor and translator of V. E. Grabar, The History of International Law in Russia 1647-1917 (Oxford, 1990); the two-volume F. F. Martens, Contemporary International Law of Civilized Peoples (Clark, NJ, 2021-2022); and author of Grotius on War and Peace in English Translation (Clark, NJ, 2021). He is the founding editor of Jus Gentium: Journal of International Legal History (2016-). The John Edward Fowler Distinguished Professor of Law, Penn State Dickinson Law, he is also Professor Emeritus of Comparative Law in the University of London (University College London) and Foreign Member, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. Vitalii S. Ivanenko has published extensively on the history of international law in Russia with particular reference to St. Petersburg, most especially the monumental Санкт-Петербургская школа международного права [St. Petersburg School of International Law] (2019; 2d ed. 2022; 3d ed. 2024) in two volumes. He held positions as senior lecturer, docent, professor, Head of the Chair of International Law, and Pro-Rector for Scientific Work at universities in Baranul and St. Petersburg before, in 1995, becoming Docent at St. Petersburg State University, serving from 1999 to 2011 as Head of the Chair of International Law there. xxiv, 638 pp., 60 b&w illustrations.

The 1917 October Revolution and the revolutionary Mexican Constitution shook the foundations of international law. This collection revisits their legacies.

This handbook provides an authoritative and original overview of the origins of public international law. It analyses the modern history of international law from a global perspective, and examines the lives of those who were most responsible for shaping it.

This book addresses a simple question: how do Russians understand international law? Is it the same understanding as in the West or is it in some ways different and if so, why? It answers these questions by drawing on from three different yet closely interconnected perspectives: history, theory, and recent state practice. The work uses comparative international law as starting point and argues that in order to understand post-Soviet Russia's state and scholarly approaches to international law, one should take into account the history of ideas in Russia. To an extent, Russian understandings of international law differ from what is considered the mainstream in the West. One specific feature of this book is that it goes inside the language of international law as it is spoken and discussed in post-Soviet Russia, especially the scholarly literature in the Russian language, and relates this literature to the history of international law as discipline in Russia. Recent state practice such as the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia's record in the UN Security Council, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, prominent cases in investor-state arbitration, and the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union are laid out and discussed in the context of increasingly popular 'civilizational' ideas, the claim that Russia is a unique civilization and therefore not part of the West. The implications of this claim for the future of international law, its universality, and regionalism are discussed.