Known to posterity as Scottorum Malleus _ the Hammer of the Scots _ Edward I was one of medieval England's most formidable rulers. In this meticulously researched new history, David Santiuste offers a fresh interpretation of Edward's military career, with a particular focus on his Scottish wars. This is in part a study of personality: Edward was a remarkable man. His struggles with tenacious opponents _ including Robert the Bruce and William Wallace _ have become the stuff of legend. ??There is a clear and perceptive account of important military events, notably the Battle of Falkirk, but the narrative also encompasses the wider impact of Edward's campaigns. Edward attempted to mobilize resources _ including men, money and supplies _ on an unprecedented scale. His wars affected people at all levels of society, throughout the British Isles. ??David Santiuste builds up a vivid and convincing description of Edward's campaigns in Scotland, whilst also exploring the political background. Edward emerges as a man of great conviction, who sought to bend Scotland to his will, yet also, on occasion, as a surprisingly beleaguered figure. Edward is presented here as the central character in a turbulent world, as commander and king.

The Scottish Invention of America, Democracy and Human Rights is a history of liberty from 1300 BC to 2004 AD. The book traces the history of the philosophy and fight for freedom from the ancient Celts to the medieval Scots to the Scottish Enlightenment to the creation of America. The work contends that the roots of liberty originated in the radical political thought of the ancient Celts, the Scots' struggle for freedom, John Duns Scotus and the Scottish declaration of independence (Arbroath, 1320) that were the primary basis of the American Declaration of Independence and the modern human rights movement.

Robert Bruce was Scotland's greatest king ever. The Bruce, as he was known, was crowned King of Scots in 1306, a time when the ancient kingdom of Scotland was under English occupation. When King Robert began his reign, his first two battles were losses. Yet from 1307- 1313, The Bruce won battle after battle.

"This is a work of great value to all who seek knowledge of Scottish-American events, and who wish to understand what surely must be one of the most interesting, colorful, and evident ethnic occurrences in the U.S." -W. R. McLeod vice-chairman, Dunvegan Foundation Clan McLeod "The author's enthusiasm for the Scottish Highland Games, and indeed her expertise, are reflected in this long-awaited work. All who are interested in the story of this enduring and popular festival will be grateful to Ann Donaldson for her conscientious research. It is a fine tribute to those Americans of Scottish descent who have contributed to keep this unique aspect of their culture vibrantly alive in the New World." -Gerald Redmond author of The Sporting Scots of Nineteenth Century Canada Discover the Scottish Highland Games, celebrated in over thirty U.S. states every year. Participants compete in the caber toss, Highland dancing, piping and drumming, fiddling, and many more competitive and non-competitive events. The Scottish Highland Games in America recognizes the players and events that keep the modern Games alive and exciting. Readers will discover the history of the Games, rooted in Scotland and celebrated in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries where Scots have settled. A complete state-by-state listing of the Games and their events is also provided. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Emily Ann Donaldson is a devoted Games fan, a participant in Scottish country dancing, and a member of several Scottish associations.

Aberdeen has been inhabited for 8,000 years, since the first Hunter-Gatherers settled on the banks of the River Dee. 4,000 years later, Bronze Age peoples left their mark on the landscape by constructing a huge number of recumbent stone circles, once thought to be places of sacrifice. Invaders including Celts, Romans and Vikings met violent, bloody resistance, and the victorious Roman army left thousands of Caledonian corpses for the crows following the Battle of Mons Graupius. From the slaughter of Aberdeen Castle’s English garrison (part of a citizens’ uprising in support of Robert the Bruce) to all-out assaults on the city by Kings, Royalists and Nazis, no century has left the city unmarked. Plague, wars, clan feuds, murderers, witches, covenanters and slavers – all have stained the silver city red with blood!