The aim of this book is to make the Gospel of John accessible simultaneously to intermediate students of Ancient Greek and Latin. There are lots of resources available for the study of John's gospel, particularly in Greek, but this edition juxtaposes the Greek text to one of its most famous translations: the rendering into Latin by St. Jerome known as the vulgate. The running vocabulary and grammatical commentary are meant to provide everything necessary to read each page, so that readers can progress through the text, improving their knowledge of Greek and/or Latin while reading one of the key texts of early Christianity. For those who know both Greek and Latin, it will be possible to use one language as a resource to read the other. Meanwhile, the vulgate is a key index of how the Greek text was understood by early Christians in the Latin west. The Gospel of John is a great text for intermediate readers of both Greek and Latin. It is one of our best examples of koine Greek, the lingua franca of the eastern Mediterranean for centuries after the time of Alexander the Great. The sentence structure is very simple and there is a great deal of repetition in vocabulary and syntax. The Latin translation follows the Greek closely, translating word for word as much as possible, so that it is a fascinating exercise in translation.

Did Jesus speak Greek? An affirmative answer to the question will no doubt challenge traditional presuppositions. The question relates directly to the historical preservation of Jesus's words and theology. Traditionally, the authenticity of Jesus's teaching has been linked to the recovery of the original Aramaic that presumably underlies the Gospels. The Aramaic Hypothesis infers that the Gospels represent theological expansions, religious propaganda, or blatant distortions of Jesus's teachings. Consequently, uncovering the original Aramaic of Jesus's teachings will separate the historical Jesus from the mythical personality. G. Scott Gleaves, in Did Jesus Speak Greek?, contends that the Aramaic Hypothesis is inadequate as an exclusive criterion of historical Jesus studies and does not aptly take into consideration the multilingual culture of first-century Palestine. Evidence from archaeological, literary, and biblical data demonstrates Greek linguistic dominance in Roman Palestine during the first century CE. Such preponderance of evidence leads not only to the conclusion that Jesus and his disciples spoke Greek but also to the recognition that the Greek New Testament generally and the Gospel of Matthew in particular were original compositions and not translations of underlying Aramaic sources.

This commentary series is established on the presupposition that the theological character of the New Testament documents calls for exegesis that is sensitive to theological themes as well as to the details of the historical, linguistic, and textual context. Such thorough exegetical work lies at the heart of these volumes, which contain detailed verse-by-verse commentary preceded by general comments on each section and subsection of the text. An important aim of the NIGTC authors is to interact with the wealth of significant New Testament research published in recent articles and monographs. In this connection the authors make their own scholarly contributions to the ongoing study of the biblical text.

Fifty-two short devotions based on passages from the Greek New Testament--written by some of the top Greek scholars of today. The main point each devotion offers comes from a careful reading and study of the passage in the Greek New Testament, not from the English Bible. The authors use a variety of exegetical approaches in their devotions: grammatical, lexical, rhetorical, sociohistorical, linguistic, etc. Some insights focus on particular words and their role in the passage, while others highlight background studies or provide a theological reading of the passage. Each devotion draws students into translating a short passage and pursuing an understanding of why this or that insight matters for their lives and ministries. Devotions on the Greek New Testament encourages professors, students, and pastors alike to continue to use their Greek Bibles beyond their seminary years. Celebrated contributors include: Scot McKnight Daniel B. Wallace Craig L. Blomberg Mark Strauss William D. Mounce Devotions on the Greek New Testament can be used as a weekly personal devotional or as a supplemental resource throughout a semester or sequence of courses.

These two volumes of The New Testament and Greek Literature are the magnum opus of biblical scholar Dennis R. MacDonald, outlining the profound connections between the New Testament and classical Greek poetry. MacDonald argues that the Gospel writers borrowed from established literary sources to create stories about Jesus that readers of the day would find convincing. In The Gospels and Homer MacDonald leads readers through Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, highlighting models that the authors of the Gospel of Mark and Luke-Acts may have imitated for their portrayals of Jesus and his earliest followers such as Paul. The book applies mimesis criticism to show the popularity of the targets being imitated, the distinctiveness in the Gospels, and evidence that ancient readers recognized these similarities. Using side-by-side comparisons, the book provides English translations of Byzantine poetry that shows how Christian writers used lines from Homer to retell the life of Jesus. The potential imitations include adventures and shipwrecks, savages living in cages, meals for thousands, transfigurations, visits from the dead, blind seers, and more. MacDonald makes a compelling case that the Gospel writers successfully imitated the epics to provide their readers with heroes and an authoritative foundation for Christianity.