Contents: (1) Background; (2) Apportionment of Global Fund (GF) Resources: Dist. of GF Grants Among the Three Diseases; Geographic Dist. of GF Grants; (3) Five-Year Evaluation of GF; (4) Key Changes to the GF: Single Stream Agree.; Nat. Strategy Application; Dual-Track Financing; Debt2Health; Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria; Voluntary Pooled Procurement; (5) U.S. Support of the GF; (6) Issues for Congress: FY 2011 Budget; U.S. Leadership in Combating HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria; The GF¿s Mandate; Coordinating the GF with U.S. Global Health Programs; Transparency, Monitoring, and Evaluation; (7) Conclusion. Pledges and Contributions to the GF; Founding Principles of the GF; Illus. This is a print on demand report.

The U.S. Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 authorizes the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). It promotes the ABC model (Abstain, be faithful, or use Condoms); recommends that 20 percent of funds appropriated pursuant to the act be spent on prevention; and requires that, starting in fiscal year 2006, 33 percent of prevention funds appropriated pursuant to the act be spent on abstinence-until-marriage activities. The Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) oversees PEPFAR and administers the Global HIV/AIDS Initiative (GHAI) account, the main repository for PEPFAR funds. For our April 2006 report, GAO reviewed PEPFAR prevention funding trends; described the PEPFAR strategy to prevent sexual transmission of HIV; and examined related challenges. The report recommended that the Coordinator collect and report information on the effects of the abstinence-until-marriage spending requirement and use it to, among other things, assess whether the requirement should apply only to the GHAI account. OGAC agreed to collect information but disagreed with applying the requirement only