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Excerpt from The Geology of Soils and Substrata: With Special Reference to Agriculture, Estates, and Sanitation The object of the present volume on soils and substrata is to provide such information relating to the land-surface as will be useful to students and teachers of agriculture, to those occupied in the management of estates and farms, or in sanitary and engineering works, wherein it is im portant to consider the geological nature of different sites for residences and other purposes. The subject is dealt with from a practical point of View. Under the term soils are included the subsoils and surface soils, the term substrata' being, for the sake of convenience, applied to the igneous as well as to the various sedi mentary and metamorphic formations, from which the mineral constituents of the soils are directly or indirectly derived. Prominence is therefore given to the chief mineral and lithological characters of the formations and to their economic products, little being said about their method of origin, and less about their life-history. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.