After killing a man in a duel, Louis Fran ois was forced to flee Florence and his privileged life of a nobleman. He started over in the French colony of St. Domingue (Haiti). He married, took on the Richard surname of his extended family, started his own family and a successful plantation. The Slave Revolt of 1791 forced them to flee. They made their way to Florida, a Spanish colony. Despite enduring the privations of pioneer life and Indian attacks, the Richards survived and even prospered. During the Patriot War of 1812, Georgian rebels devastated the area and forced the Richards to abandon their plantations. Francis Jr. returned and operated a sawmill plantation. He fathered 11 children with his slaves; educated, and provided for them all. Raising 15 children on his plantation during the "Seminole Wars," brother John Charles became the progenitor of a long line Florida Richards. While most members of the "Richard Clan" were prominent citizens, quite a few were of dubious character, and met violent deaths.

Despite its apparent isolation as an older region of the country, the Southeast provided a vital connecting link between the Black self-emancipation that occurred during the American Revolution and the growth of the Underground Railroad in the final years of the antebellum period. From the beginning of the revolutionary war to the eve of the First Seminole War in 1817, hundreds and eventually several thousand Africans and African Americans in Georgia, and to a lesser extent South Carolina, crossed the borders and boundaries that separated the Lowcountry from the British and Spanish in coastal Florida and from the Seminole and Creek people in the vast interior of the Southeast. Even in times of peace, there remained a steady flow of individuals moving south and southwest, reflecting the aspirations of a captive people. A Southern Underground Railroad constitutes a powerful counter-narrative in American history, a tale of how enslaved men and women found freedom and human dignity not in Jefferson’s “Empire of Liberty” but outside the expanding boundaries of the United States. It is a potent reminder of the strength of Black resistance in the post-revolutionary South and the ability of this community to influence the balance of power in a contested region. Paul M. Pressly’s research shows that their movement across borders was an integral part of the sustained struggle for dominance in the Southeast not only among the Great Powers but also among the many different racial, ethnic, and religious groups that inhabited the region and contended for control.

The Atlantic slave trade was the largest forced migration in history, and its toll in lives damaged or destroyed is incalculable. Most of those stories are lost to history, making the few that can be reconstructed critical to understanding the trade in all its breadth and variety. Randy J. Sparks examines the experiences of a range of West Africans who lived in the American South between 1740 and 1860. Their stories highlight the diversity of struggles that confronted every African who arrived on American shores. The subjects of Africans in the Old South include Elizabeth Cleveland Hardcastle, the mixed-race daughter of an African slave-trading family who invested in South Carolina rice plantations and slaves, passed as white, and integrated herself into the Lowcountry planter elite; Robert Johnson, kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery in Georgia, who later learned English, won his freedom, and joined the abolition movement in the North; Dimmock Charlton, who bought his freedom after being illegally enslaved in Savannah; and a group of unidentified Africans who were picked up by a British ship in the Caribbean, escaped in Mobile’s port, and were recaptured and eventually returned to their homeland. These exceptional lives challenge long-held assumptions about how the slave trade operated and who was involved. The African Atlantic was a complex world characterized by constant movement, intricate hierarchies, and shifting identities. Not all Africans who crossed the Atlantic were enslaved, nor was the voyage always one-way.

From the Franco-Spanish War in Florida to the Persian Gulf War, this chronological presentation includes alternate names; significance; background; causes of the war; preparations for war; declaration of war; combatants; geographic and strategic considerations; battles and campaigns; home front; international developments; negotiations and peace treaty; results of the war: casualties, costs, consequences; military innovations, tactics, equipment; legends and trivia; notable phrases; songs; historical perspectives and controversies; civilian and military biographies; further reading.

Vols. 17-18 cover 1775-1914.