On the advent of British rule, there was unprecedented pressure on the forests for commercial exploitation. This led to their denudation, which in turn caused the silting of rivers, resulting in poor flow of water, leading to famine. Among the East India Company Surgeons there were some who were ardent nature lovers and who showed keen interest in the preservation of natural wealth. This book is a tribute to one of those veteran Surgeons, Dr. H. F. C. Cleghorn, who was instrumental in introducing Forest Conservation not only in South India, but also in the Punjab, and all over the Indian Empire. Dr. Cleghorn was under the East India Company serving as military Surgeon in the Madras Presidency. For his pioneering works, Dr. Cleghorn was conferred the title ‘The Founder of Forest Conservancy in India’. He retired in 1869 and returned to Scotland. There again, he ensured that an exclusive course in Forestry was included in the Syllabi of the University of Edinburgh, and he also got involved in the selection of personnel for Indian Forest Service. His collection of plant drawings and books finds a place in Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh. This book is a deep narrative on how Dr. Cleghorn organized Forest Conservancy on an all India basis and how he got people like R. H. Beddome, the Naturalist, to work with him. His association with the formation of botanical gardens at Lal Bagh, Bangalore, and Udhagamandalam, are interestingly captured.

This volume uncovers the interaction between people and the elements in very different British colonies throughout the world. Providing a rich overview of socio-environmental change, driven by imperial forces, this study examines a key global historical process.

Burning the Dead traces the evolution of cremation in India and the South Asian diaspora across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Through interconnected histories of movement, space, identity, and affect, it examines how the so-called traditional practice of Hindu cremation on an open-air funeral pyre was culturally transformed and materially refashioned under British rule, following intense Western hostility, colonial sanitary acceptance, and Indian adaptation. David Arnold examines the critical reception of Hindu cremation abroad, particularly in Britain, where India formed a primary reference point for the cremation debates of the late nineteenth century, and explores the struggle for official recognition of cremation among Hindu and Sikh communities around the globe. Above all, Arnold foregrounds the growing public presence and assertive political use made of Hindu cremation, its increasing social inclusivity, and its close identification with Hindu reform movements and modern Indian nationhood.