Over 50% of known flaviviruses have been associated with human disease. The Flavivirus genus constitutes some of the most serious human pathogens including Japanese encephalitis, dengue and yellow fever. Flaviviruses are known for their complex life cycles and epidemic spread, and are considered a globally-emergent viral threat. Detection, Diagnosis and Vaccine Development, the third volume of The Flaviviruses details the current status of technologies for detection and differentiation of these viruses, their use in surveillance and outbreak investigation, and also reviews the latest clinical research. - Comprehensive approach to the scientific disciplines needed to unravle the complexities of virus-host interactions - Descibes the technologies that have contributed to our current knowledge about the Flaviviruses - Identifies the major problems faced in understanding the virus-host interactins that result in disease - An exhaustive compendium of current and past knowledge on the Flavivirus family

Saliva Protection and Transmissible Diseases provides a review of saliva protection, raising debate on micro-organisms potentially transmissible in saliva, and also considering the evidence on diseases that may be transmitted by kissing. Saliva is a complex body fluid essential to health, especially mastication, swallowing and speech, and hyposalivation can lead to dysfunction and even infection. More serious pathogens, such as herpes viruses and papillomaviruses can be conveyed by kissing, as can potentially lethal micro-organisms present in some saliva, such as meningococci, fungal organisms and Ebola viruses. - Stipulates the defensive roles of saliva, an important topic not previously reviewed in-depth in literature - Provides awareness that saliva also transmits infectious agents that can produce serious or even lethal diseases - Gives understanding that kissing may be an at-risk practice

THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.

Every year there are 8.8 million new active cases and nearly two million deaths worldwide from tuberculosis (about 5,000 every day), mostly in the poorest communities of the developing world. One third of the world's population has latent TB which may later develop into an active form of the disease, and it has also become the leading cause of death among people with HIV. Multidrug-resistance is also a growing problem. A key challenge for the public health community is to be able to effectively diagnose patients so that valuable resources and medicines are not wasted on misdiagnosis and repeat treatments. This report, written by an international network of researchers and policy experts, examines the global market for TB diagnostics available for active disease, latent infection, drug resistance and treatment response. It provides a sound basis for diagnostics development suitable for various levels of health systems in industrialised and developing countries.

Fenner's Veterinary, Virology, Fourth Edition, is the long awaited new edition of Veterinary Virology, 3e, which was published in 1999. Fully revised and updated by the new author team, part I presents the fundamental principles of virology related to animal infection and disease, and part II addresses the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology and prevention of individual diseases. New to this Edition - New author team - one main author to ensure that the book reads like an authored book but with the benefit of using experts to contribute to specific topics - Text has been refocused - part I has been condensed and where appropriate incorporated into part II to make it more user friendly - The number of figures have been increased and are now in full color - Fully revised and updated to include the latest information in the field of veterinary virology - Beautifully illustrated color figures throughout - Organized and current information provided by an expert team of authors

The publication of this volume of The Viruses entitled The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae comes at an appropriate time. The structure and rep lication strategies of these viruses are now known to be sufficiently di verse to warrant the removal of flaviviruses from the Togaviridae family and establish them as an independent family. Flaviviridae have a special place in the history of virology. The prototype virus-yellow fever virus was the first virus to be identified as the cause of a human disease. Some of the history of this discovery is described in Chapter 1 of this volume; in Chapter 10 the complete sequence of the RNA genome of the virus is presented. This sequence not only defines the primary structure of the viral proteins, it also clarifies the mechanism of translation of the fla vivirus genome. Knowledge of the sequence of the structural proteins of these viruses represents an important step in the potential goal of using purified flavivirus glycoproteins as vaccines. Many of the chapters in this volume focus on the structure and replication of the Togaviridae. These viruses have provided valuable models for studies in cell biology, partic ularly with regard to the cotranslational and posttranslational steps re quired for the synthesis and localization of membrane glycoproteins. Fur thermore, Togaviridae have been pivotal in our growing understanding of how enveloped viruses enter and exit from cells. The broad outlines of the structure and gene expression of Togavir idae and Flaviviridae are known, but important questions remain.

The practical need to partition the world of viruses into distinguishable, universally agreed upon entities is the ultimate justification for developing a virus classification system. Since 1971, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) operating on behalf of the world community of virologists has taken on the task of developing a single, universal taxonomic scheme for all viruses infecting animals (vertebrate, invertebrates, and protozoa), plants (higher plants and algae), fungi, bacteria, and archaea. The current report builds on the accumulated taxonomic construction of the eight previous reports dating back to 1971 and records the proceedings of the Committee since publication of the last report in 2005. Representing the work of more than 500 virologists worldwide, this report is the authoritative reference for virus organization, distinction, and structure.