The objective of this project is to investigate the feasibility of using molybdenum carbide catalysts for the reforming of transportation fuels (gasoline and diesel) in the presence of sulfur. Using trimethyl pentane (TMP) and hexadecane (HD) as model fuels and thiophene and benzothiophene as model sulfur compounds, all of the original objectives of the project were successfully accomplished. We have found that the steam reforming (SR) of sulfur-free TMP can be carried out over bulk Mo2C catalysts at essentially stoichiometric feed conditions without coking, as long as the temperatures are at about 1000 C. However, the stable operating temperature can be lowered to 900 C, by adding molecular oxygen (oxidative-steam reforming (OSR)). The activity of a bulk molybdenum carbide catalyst for the steam (SR) of sulfur free hexadecane was found to be stable under very low steam:carbon ratios at temperatures as low as 885 degrees C under OSR conditions, and at 965 degrees C under SR conditions. For both TMP and HD, the degree of deactivation in the presence of sulfur was dependent on the sulfur concentration but was minimal at concentrations below 100 ppmw. While deactivation was completely reversible in the case of TMP steam reforming, spent catalysts from OSR could only be partially reactivated. However, sulfur poisoning was totally reversible for HD under both SR and OSR conditions.

Mo(W)-Based Catalysts have the capacity to drastically impact many different industries. Research on their most current applications is important for the success of many organizations and companies, specifically the chemical and petroleum industries. Innovative Applications of Mo(W)-Based Catalysts in the Petroleum and Chemical Industry: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an informative resource that overviews emerging methods and techniques that incorporate 2D layer Mo(W) dichalcogenides. Featuring extensive coverage on a range of subjects including 2D nanosheets, hybridization, dichacogenides, and oxide based catalysts, this is an ideal publication for academicians, students, engineers, and researchers seeking insight on the latest advancements in Mo(W)-Based catalyst applications.

The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focused primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the "green" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. In addition, the book includes general elements regarding the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment. Very few books are available on catalysis in production schemes using biomass or its primary conversion products, such as bio-oil and lignin. This book fills that gap with detailed discussions of: Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass Hybrid biogasoline by co-processing in FCC units Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to biofuels (biomass-to-liquid process) Steam reforming of bio-oils to hydrogen With energy prices rapidly rising, environmental concerns growing, and regulatory apparatus evolving, this book is a resource with tutorial, research, and technological value for chemists, chemical engineers, policymakers, and students. Includes catalytic reaction mechanism schemes and gives a clear understanding of catalytic processes Includes flow diagrams of bench-, pilot- and industrial-scale catalytic processing units and demonstrates the various process technologies involved, enabling easy selection of the best process Incorporates many tables, enabling easy comparison of data based on a critical review of the available literature

This unique, single-source reference offers complete coverage of the process and catalyst chemistry involved in naphtha reforming - from the preparation, characterization, and performance evaluation of catalysts to the operation of the catalyst itself - and evaluates the most recent research into unknown aspects of catalyst reactions, shedding light on the future of catalyst technology. Discussing the complexities of the reforming process, Catalytic Naphtha Reforming delineates commercially available processes and catalysts . . . explores the chemistry of the catalytic sites employed for reactions . . . examines catalyst deactivation, pretreating processes to prevent it, and regeneration processes . . . describes metals recovery as well as significant improvements in platinum reforming catalysts . . . explains process development and modeling . . . presents new commercial technologies . . . and much more.

This edited book provides an in-depth overview of carbon dioxide (CO2) transformations to sustainable power technologies. It also discusses the wide scope of issues in engineering avenues, key designs, device fabrication, characterizations, various types of conversions and related topics. It includes studies focusing on the applications in catalysis, energy conversion and conversion technologies, etc. This is a unique reference guide, and one of the detailed works is on this technology. The book is the result of commitments by leading researchers from various backgrounds and expertise. The book is well structured and is an essential resource for scientists, undergraduate, postgraduate students, faculty, R&D professionals, energy chemists and industrial experts.

Downstream bioprocesses have a significant role to play in the creation of a sustainable bio-based economy, enabling the creation of new products and systems from the more sustainable bioprocessing of natural products. Liquid Biphasic System: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications in Bioseparation Technology explores in detail the fundamental processes and applications of this new separation system, aiding understanding of the basic principles of the technique and offering constructive criticisms on the latest findings. Including coverage of the background, principles, mechanisms, and applications, Liquid Biphasic System addresses how to adapt the technology for the purification of useful compounds with greater cost efficiency and greener processing. It is essential reading for bioprocess engineers, biochemical engineers, biosystem engineers, chemists and microbiologists working in the fields of bioprocessing. Researchers, scientists, and engineers concerned with the selection and evaluation of alternative bioseparation processes will find the book particularly useful. Provides information and examples of advanced separations in a single source Includes detailed descriptions of novel bioseparation systems Covers the latest technologies related to advanced liquid–liquid separation and their applications in various industries