"Engineered Cementitous Composites (ECC) are a class of ultra-ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites characterized by a strain hardening behavior and a high strain capacity when subjected to tensile loading. ECC integrates micromechanical models and fracture mechanics principles in the design concept which makes it an engineered material. These features promote ECC as a promising material for a wide range of applications which include repair of structures, and resistance to seismic activity, impacts, and blasts. However the high initial cost of the material which is three times the cost of conventional concrete hinders the widespread use of ECC. Also, the high carbon footprint and the high cement volume can be a potential problem for the environment. Therefore this research sought to reduce the cement volume by producing ECC with aggregates and producing it at an Aggregate to Binder ratio of 0.8. This means the new non-standard ECC has twice as much aggregate as can be found in standard ECC"--Abstract.

This is the first book on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), an advanced concrete material attracting world-wide attention in both the academic community and in industry. The book presents a comprehensive coverage of the material design methodology, processing methodology, mechanical and durability properties, smart functions, and application case studies. It combines effective use of illustrations, graphical data, and tables. It de-emphasizes mathematics in favor of physical understanding. The book serves as an introduction to the subject matter, or as a reference to those conducting research in ECC. It will also be valuable to engineers who need to quickly search for relevant information in a single comprehensive text.

Actionable strategies for the design and construction of fire-resistant structures This hands-on guide clearly explains the complex building codes and standards that relate to fire design and presents hands-on techniques engineers can apply to prevent or mitigate the effects of fire in structures. Dedicated chapters discuss specific procedures for steel, concrete, and timber buildings. You will get step-by-step guidance on how to evaluate fire resistance using both testing and calculation methods. Structural Fire Engineering begins with an introduction to the behavioral aspects of fire and explains how structural materials react when exposed to elevated temperatures. From there, the book discusses the fire design aspects of key codes and standards, such as the International Building Code, the International Fire Code, and the NFPA Fire Code. Advanced topics are covered in complete detail, including residual capacity evaluation of fire damaged structures and fire design for bridges and tunnels. Explains the fire design requirements of the IBC, IFC, the NFPA Fire Code, and National Building Code of Canada Presents design strategies for steel, concrete, and timber structures as well as for bridges and tunnels Contains downloadable spreadsheets and problems along with solutions for instructors

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) material is a high-strength, fiber-reinforced, ductile mortar mixture that can exhibit tensile strains of up to 5%. The durability and mechanical properties of ECC make it a desirable construction material. This study presents an extensive evaluation of modified engineered cementitious composite (MECC) using locally sourced raw materials for use as a bridge-deck-overlay material. MECC is a mixture of cement, fly ash, water, concrete sand, and poly-vinyl alcohol fibers. The concrete sand used in this study was used in lieu of the typically used silica sand to reduce the high material cost, which makes MECC a modified ECC mix. Currently, the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) uses a polymer concrete for bridge-deck-overlays in Nevada. While NDOT has had good performance with the polymer concrete overlays, the polymer concrete material is an expensive proprietary material. NDOT believes that MECC may be a viable alternative to the polymer concrete as a bridge-deck-overlay material. In this study, three different representative aggregates from throughout Nevada were selected to understand how the local aggregates would perform in MECC mixes. In total, eighteen different MECC mixes were evaluated using a total of thirteen different tests to determine the fresh and hardened properties of the MECC material. These tests included compressive strength, freeze-thaw durability, resistance to chloride ion penetration, and drying shrinkage. Additionally, a uniaxial tensile test was developed to test the tensile strengths and tensile strains of these different MECC mixes. In addition to evaluating MECC, samples of the polymer concrete and of a traditional Portland cement concrete mix were also tested. These results were used to determine how the performance of the MECC material compares with polymer concrete and traditional concrete. The laboratory test results were then analyzed using several different statistical analyses. First, all of the MECC mixes were compared with each other, and the polymer concrete and traditional concrete mixes. This showed how many mixes had statistically significantly higher/lower performance that both the polymer concrete and traditional concrete. Second, linear regressions were used to determine the standardized regression coefficients (or beta coefficients) which were used to determine which variables (mix proportions, aggregate source, fiber type) influenced the MECC's properties. Third, additional MECC mixes were batched to determine which aggregate properties would influence the MECC's properties. From this analysis, several predictive models were developed to predict the properties of an MECC mix that used a specific fine aggregate stockpile. After the completion of the laboratory phase, three different field trials were conducted to determine the feasibility of batching large amounts of MECC at commercial concrete batch plants. In these trials, approximately 6 cubic yards of MECC was mixed using different plant configurations to determine if any special measures would be needed to mix MECC on a large-scale. Additionally, a trial slab of MECC was placed at each of these field trials to determine how easy the MECC material would be to place, consolidate, and finish. The findings of this study are that MECC has many desirable qualities of a bridge-deck-overlay material. MECC has higher compressive strengths, higher tensile strengths and strains, high resistance to chloride ion penetration, and higher abrasion resistance than traditional concrete. Additionally, MECC has similar performance to the polymer concrete, meaning there is not a significant drop in performance between the materials. The large-scale trial batches showed that MECC could be mixed on a large-scale without any special measures. While MECC is harder to place than traditional concrete, it is not expected to require any specialty equipment for placement. The findings of this study were used to draft a specification for NDOT for the use of MECC as a bridge-deck-overlay material. This specification will be used in an upcoming field project by NDOT where a bridge-deck-overlay measuring approximately 28 feet by 140 feet by 4 inches thick will be placed in the spring of 2016 in Northern Nevada.

Cement-Based Composites takes a different approach from most other books in the field by viewing concrete as an advanced composite material, and by considering the properties and behaviour of cement-based materials from this stance. It deals particularly, but not exclusively, with newer forms of cement-based materials. This new edition takes a critical approach to the subject as well as presenting up-to-date knowledge. Emphasis is given to non-conventional reinforcement and design methods, problems at the materials' interfaces and to the durability of structures. High strength composites and novel forms of cement-based composites are described in detail. After a basic introduction the book explores the various components of these materials and their properties. It then deals with mechanical properties and considers characteristics under various loading and environmental conditions, and concludes by examining design, optimization and economics with particular emphasis on high-performance concretes. Researchers, graduate students and practising engineers will find this book valuable.

This is the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC4), that was held at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany from 18 to 20 September 2017. The conference focused on advanced fiber-reinforced concrete materials such as strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC), textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) and high-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (HPFRCC). All these new materials exhibit pseudo-ductile behavior resulting from the formation of multiple, fine cracks when subject to tensile loading. The use of such types of fiber-reinforced concrete could revolutionize the planning, development, dimensioning, structural and architectural design, construction of new and strengthening and repair of existing buildings and structures in many areas of application. The SHCC4 Conference was the follow-up of three previous successful international events in Stellenbosch, South Africa in 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2011, and Dordrecht, The Netherlands in 2014.

This book is a state-of-the-art report which documents current knowledge on the properties of fly ash in concrete and the use of fly ash in construction. It includes RILEM Recommendations on fly ash in concrete and a comprehensive bibliography including over 800 references.