Several people have asked what motivated us to write a book about commut ing, something that we all do but over which we have very little control. As a matter of fact, the general reaction from professional colleagues and friends alike was first a sort of knowing smile followed by some story. Everyone has a story about a personal commuting experience. Whether it was a problem with a delayed bus, a late arrival, broken-down automobiles, hot trains or subways, during the past year we have heard it all. Many of these stories must be apocryphal because, if they were all true, it is amazing that anyone ever arrived at work on time, at home, or at some other destination. The interest for us likely stems from many factors that over the years have probably influenced our thinking. All of the authors studied and/or grew up in the New York City metropolitan area. For illustration, let's devote a few paragraphs to describing some of the senior author's (Koslowsky's) life experiences. As a young man in New York City, he was a constant user of the New York City subway system. The whole network was and still is quite impressive. For a relatively small sum, one can spend the whole day and night in an underground world (growing up in New York often makes one think that the whole world is contained in its five boroughs).

Independent, scientifically based, integrated, policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues for specialists and policymakers in academia, industry, government.

This singular book describes various aspects of the commuting experience and delineates a process linking causes and consequences of commuting stress. The authors quote extensive survey data from metropolitan areas and examine literature on the known psychological, physiological, attitudinal, and behavioral consequences of commuting. They then provide a model integrating these variables. This comprehensive text features specific coping recommendations at the individual, governmental, and organizational levels.

Risk is an enduring theme of modern life. It permeates political, economic and environmental domains. Some risks are unavoidable. Others are not. Innovative Thinking in Risk, Crisis, and Disaster Management provides ideas and action plans for in a risk society. Dealing with issues of civil safety and security, the book addresses the management of socio-technical risks and hazards, environmental risk, and risk perception. Focusing on risk reduction, chapters cover key themes such as terrorism, public order, emergency responding, energy supply, climate change, and natural disasters. Featuring contributions from expert scholars, the book is both accessible and original. Practitioners in the emergency services, industry and commerce will find the book to be valuable reading, whilst for policy makers, students and academics with a focus on risk and crisis management, this is an essential reference.