Canada’s Supreme Court has established a new legal framework requiring governments to consult with Aboriginal peoples when contemplating actions that may affect their rights. Professor Newman examines Supreme Court and lower court decisions, legislation at various levels, policies developed by governments and Aboriginal communities, and consultative round tables that have been held to deal with important questions regarding this duty. He succinctly examines issues such as: when is consultation required; who is to be consulted; what is the nature of a “good” consultation; to what extent does the duty apply in treaty areas; and what duty is owed to Métis and non-status Indians? Newman also examines the philosophical underpinnings of the duty to consult, and the evolving framework in international law and similar developments in Australia.

Since the release of The Duty to Consult (Purich, 2009), there have been many important developments on the duty to consult, including three major Supreme Court of Canada decisions. Governments, Aboriginal communities, and industry stakeholders have engaged with the duty to consult in new and probably unexpected ways, developing policy statements or practices that build upon the duty, but often using it only as a starting point for different discussions. Evolving international legal norms have also come into practice that may have future bearing. Newman offers clarification and approaches to understanding the developing case law at a deeper and more principled level, and suggests possible future directions for the duty to consult in Canadian Aboriginal law.

The honour of the Crown is not a new concept in Aboriginal law; for instance, in 1895, the Supreme Court explained that the honour of the Crown is "faithfully fulfilled as a treaty obligation of the Crown."20 The honour of the Crown, along with the goal of reconciliation, is central to the Crown's relationship with Indigenous peoples, and may require it to consult Indigenous groups and, where appr [...] Certain factors must be considered in determining the level of consultation required: the strength of the claim, the nature of the right and the severity of the potential harm of a Crown decision or action on the Aboriginal or treaty right. [...] As is the case with determining the scope of the duty to consult, court orders to remedy a failure to meet the duty to consult vary significantly according to the situation. [...] In that regard, finding interim solutions within the consultation process may prevent irreparable harm or minimize the effect of infringement.46 The Supreme Court has also stated that, at the accommodation stage, the rights of the Indigenous groups must be balanced with other societal interests.47 As with the duty to consult, the duty to accommodate the interests of Indigenous peoples is grounded [...] However, on 11 October 2018, the Supreme Court revisited the matter in Mikisew Cree First Nation v. Canada (Governor General in Council),55 in which the Court considered the appeal by the Mikisew Cree First Nation of a 2016 decision of the Federal Court of Appeal.56 The questions addressed by the Federal Court of Appeal were as follows: Did the Crown have a duty to consult prior to passing omnibus.

"This book contains an in-depth discussion of the aboriginal and treaty rights recognized and affirmed by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, the provisions of the Indian Act regarding reserves and band councils, recent self-government regimes, the recognition of indigenous legal traditions, division of powers, taxation as well as the application of the child welfare and criminal justice systems. It also covers recent developments, such as the duty to consult and accommodate or the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples."--pub. desc.

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.