Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This book, edited by William Andrews, comprises numerous writers' narratives, literature, folklore, and so on on the medical profession. As in the past, the art of barber surgery and trade were merged. It is apparent that in the past, the barber served as a type of surgeon, or rather, he practiced bleeding, throughout all sections of the civilized world. Until the eleventh century, priests cared for men's bodies as well as their souls, performing surgery and medicine. Surgical procedures required bloodshed and were thought to be incompatible with the clergy's role. After much thought as well as debate, Pope Alexander III's council of Tours in 1163 prohibited the clergy from acting as surgeons but permitted them to prescribe medication.

DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "Bygone Punishments" by William Andrews. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.

The History of Orange County New York is a work by Russel Headley. It presents the historical happenings of OC while focusing on the development of ideas and institutions and local social and economic conditions.

The book "Poems of American History" is filled with hundreds of poems written from the within, on the spot, and those written long afterward. This book contains poems of ancient and historical relevance. It describes events that led to the discovery of America before the breakout of the First World War in 1914.

DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "Colonial Records of Virginia" by Various. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.