Gold is a scarce commodity and has become a rare metal; currently, 165,000 metric tons of gold exists above ground. Between 1870 and 1900 all major industrial countries, other than China, switched to the gold standard, linking their currencies to gold; hence, the gold standard was adopted. The present research project aims to study and analyze the relationship between gold prices on one hand, and the Brent oil prices, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Consumer Price Index (CPI), and Euro/USD exchange rate, on the other hand. The study manifests numerous findings as well as the interesting and important relationship of the aforementioned assets. Taking into consideration Toros Sajians (2006) empirical study about the price determinants of gold, a comparison was made and unit root tests were carried out on his sample (January 1997-March 2005), as well as on our sample. Elasticities on the log-levels and levels, with and without lagged dependent variables, were calculated and our ...

International Financial Statistics, July 1958

This paper focuses on problems of economic policy in terms of targets and instruments. Both the fixed-targets approach and the welfare-economics approach tend to favor a multiplication of policy instruments, the former so as to increase the number of targets that can be attained and the latter so as to permit all objectives to be more closely approximated. It is necessary that policies be centrally coordinated, and in each country, there is a limit to the number of policies that can be successfully coordinated by the political and administrative machine. For this reason, the costs of applying any given policy instrument will depend not only on the degree of its use but also on the number and nature of the instruments already in use. The existence of both kinds of cost, and particularly the latter, will set a limit on the number of policy instruments that can appropriately be brought into operation.

This paper reviews key findings of the IMF’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended April 1950. The report highlights that the widespread devaluation of currencies that took place in September 1949 was the most far-reaching in any comparable period in recent times. Thirteen members agreed new par values with the IMF, most of them involving a devaluation of approximately 30.5 percent in relation to the U.S. dollar. Six member countries with which the IMF has no agreed par value also depreciated their exchange rates.

This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Examines terrorists¿ involvement in a variety of crimes ranging from motor vehicle violations, immigration fraud, and mfg. illegal firearms to counterfeiting, armed bank robbery, and smuggling weapons of mass destruction. There are 3 parts: (1) Compares the criminality of internat. jihad groups with domestic right-wing groups. (2) Six case studies of crimes includes trial transcripts, official reports, previous scholarship, and interviews with law enforce. officials and former terrorists are used to explore skills that made crimes possible; or events and lack of skill that the prevented crimes. Includes brief bio. of the terrorists along with descriptions of their org., strategies, and plots. (3) Analysis of the themes in closing arguments of the transcripts in Part 2. Illus.