The Argonaut Conference, which lasted from January 30 to February 11, 1945, took place in two locations: the island of Malta and Yalta in the Soviet Union. This important conference marked the second occasion that the Big Three leaders--President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston S. Churchill, and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin--and the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) conferred on the progress of the war. The first part of the conference (sometimes called the Malta Conference) occurred in Malta from January 30 to February 3. It was an opportunity for American and British leaders to plan for the final campaign against the Germans and to prepare for the Yalta meeting with Stalin and Soviet leaders. The second part of the conference, also known as the Yalta Conference, was hosted by Stalin in the Soviet resort town from February 4 to 11. These highly significant meetings focused mainly on postwar plans for Europe, and Argonaut was the last wartime conference attended by Roosevelt, who would die on April 12, 1945.Reflecting the Big Three's emphasis on postwar Europe, the most sweeping agreement at Argonaut concerned the occupation zones in Germany and Austria, including the creation of a French zone in Germany. The Allied leaders also discussed new German "superweapons" such as V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets. The U-boat threat was again assessed, primarily because of the introduction of the schnorkel, which allowed for longer submerged periods and the recharging of a submarine's battery without surfacing. Operations for the defeat of Japan were also extensively considered, including conditions for Soviet entry into the Pacific war and actions in Southeast Asia.Argonaut was one in a series of high-level conferences held by the US and British leaders in Washington, DC; Casablanca; Quebec; Cairo; Tehran; Malta; Yalta; and Potsdam to formulate the Allied grand strategy. At the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences, the Soviet leader Stalin was also in attendance and played an important role. Reports, memorandums, position papers, and maps were prepared by the CCS for the conferences, and minutes were taken at the accompanying CCS meetings. Taken together, these documents address virtually every policy and strategy issue of the war, from troop deployments, to debates about the location and timing of key Allied offensives, to discussions about postwar occupation boundaries. Thus, they record the early years of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and serve as an indispensable primary source on the planning and conduct of World War II.