Abstract: "This paper shows that timetable construction is NP- complete in a number of quite different ways that arise in practice, and discusses the prospects of overcoming these problems. A formal specification of the problem based on TTL, a timetable specification language, is given."

Provides detailed information about the signal transduction pathways used by interferons to activate gene transcription. In addition, this book discusses how the same pathways are used by many other cytokines and thus provide a forum for cross-talk among these important biological response modifiers. Additionally, the book introduces the interferon system and describes the interferon-inducible genes whose products are responsible for the cellular actions of interferons. The nature of the interferon receptors and how the transcriptional signals are transmitted from the receptors on the cell surface to the genes in the nucleus are discussed in detail. Finally, the use of similar pathways of signal transduction by other cytokines is highlighted.

Thisvolumecontainsaselectionofpapersfromthe5thInternationalConference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT 2004) held in Pittsburgh, USA, August 18-20, 2004. Indeed, as we write this preface, in the Summer of 2005, we note that we are about one month away from the tenth anniversary of the very?rst PATAT conference in Edinburgh. Since those very early days, the conference series has gone from strength to strength and this volume represents the latest in a series of?ve rigorously refereed volumes which showcase a broad spectrum of ground-breaking timetabling research across a very wide range of timetabling problems and applications. Timetabling is an area that unites a number of disparate?elds and which cuts across a number of diverse academic disciplines. While the most obvious instances of timetabling occur in educational institutions, timetabling also - pears in sports applications, transportation planning, project scheduling, and many other?elds. Viewing timetabling as a unifying theme enables researchers fromthesevariousareastolearnfromeachotherandtoextendtheirown- searchandpracticeinnewandinnovativeways. Thisvolumecontinuesthetrend of the conference series to extend the de?nition of timetabling beyond its edu- tional roots. In this volume, seven of the 19 papers involve domains other than education. Of course, educationaltimetabling remains at the coreof timetabling research, and the papers in this volume represent the full range of this area including exam timetabling, room scheduling, and class rostering.

Solving scheduling problems has long presented a challenge for computer scientists and operations researchers. The field continues to expand as researchers and practitioners examine ever more challenging problems and develop automated methods capable of solving them. This book provides 11 case studies in automated scheduling, submitted by leading researchers from across the world. Each case study examines a challenging real-world problem by analysing the problem in detail before investigating how the problem may be solved using state of the art techniques.The areas covered include aircraft scheduling, microprocessor instruction scheduling, sports fixture scheduling, exam scheduling, personnel scheduling and production scheduling. Problem solving methodologies covered include exact as well as (meta)heuristic approaches, such as local search techniques, linear programming, genetic algorithms and ant colony optimisation.The field of automated scheduling has the potential to impact many aspects of our lives and work; this book highlights contributions to the field by world class researchers.

This proceedings volume consists of refereed papers presented at the Second International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Statistics (iCMS 2015) held in Langkawi, Malaysia in November 2015. Divided into three sections - Computer Science, Mathematics and Statistics - the book includes both quantitative and qualitative research that confronts current societal issues. Within the main sections, the book also covers education based research works and the applications of computer and mathematical sciences in social science, business, industries and the life and hard sciences. Drawing on the theme Bridging Research Endeavor on Computing, Mathematics and Statistics, each of the conference papers are carefully selected and edited to cater to readers from diverse applied and social sciences backgrounds. The book allows for the contemplation and reflection on the possibility of the knowledge growth and knowledge sharing in building a better world for future generations.

This volume is the third in an ongoing series of books that deal with the state of the art in timetabling research. It contains a selection of the papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT 2000) held in Constance, Germany, on August 16{18th, 2000. The conference, once again, brought together researchers, practitioners, and vendors from all over the world working on all aspects of computer-aided timetable generation. The main aim of the PATAT conference series is to serve as an international and inter-disciplinary forum for new timetabling research results and directions. The conference series particularly aims to foster mul- disciplinary timetabling research. Our eld has always attracted scientists from a number of traditional domains including computer science and operational - search and we believe that the cross-fertilisation of ideas from di erent elds and disciplines is a very important factor in the future development of timetabling research. The Constance conference certainly met these aims. As can be seen from the selection of papers in this volume, there was a wide range of interesting approaches and ideas for a variety of timetabling application areas and there were delegates from many di erent disciplines. It is clear that while considerable progress is being made in many areas of timetabling research, there are a number of important issues that researchers still have to face. In a contribution to the previous PATAT conference, George M.

Evolutionary scheduling is a vital research domain at the interface of artificial intelligence and operational research. This edited book gives an overview of many of the current developments in the large and growing field of evolutionary scheduling. It demonstrates the applicability of evolutionary computational techniques to solve scheduling problems, not only to small-scale test problems, but also fully-fledged real-world problems.