This book describes the application of a novel technology for beam instrumentation and luminosity measurement and first results on a cutting edge technology potentially to be used after the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider to higher luminosity. It presents a unique diamond-based luminometer with a detailed performance study. The online bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurements provide an invaluable feedback to the Collider for beam optimisation and for the understanding of beam dynamics. The precision of the luminosity measurement is crucial for all physics analyses. This book highlights the Van der Meer method, which is used for the calibration of the luminometers of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment, and describes the estimate of systematic uncertainties, e.g. due to radiation damage of sensors and electronics and uncertainties of beam parameters. For the future high-luminosity upgrade of the collider, sapphire sensors are investigated in a test beam. It is demonstrated for the first time that sapphire sensors can be used as single particle detectors. A model for the charge transport in sapphire is developed and successfully applied.

Provides information about the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), a project of the Large Hadron Collider experiments Committee (LHC) of the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN). The CMS will allow detection of a wide range of signatures from alternative electro-weak symmetry breaking mechanisms and will cover important aspects of the heavy ion physics program. Provides information about the organization and institutes of the CMS Collaboration. Offers access to documents, including the letter of intent and the technical proposal. Contains a schedule of meetings and conferences. Links to the home page of CERN.

This book presents both the history and scientific background leading to the LHC, the world's collider. The story, as I see it, is an unlikely one without some unexpected developments, we might not have ended up asking the right questions or organized, in the right way, the building of such a large scientific apparatus. Understanding the science is as important as understanding the history, both of which are presented at a level appropriate for an educated layperson or general undergraduate. The historical treatment starts with the discovery of radiation in 1895 and ends with the end of 'naturalness, ' the LHC's most troubling revelation.

The year 2010 saw the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collect 35.1 pb-1 of 7TeV proton-proton collision data. This thesis reports on the work carried out by the candidate as part of the calculation of the first constraints placed upon the supersymmetric parameter space using measurements made with this data. In particular, the development and application of the kinematic techniques used to ensure that the search was robust to detector mismeasurements, inherent in any early phase of data-taking, are discussed. The Constrained Minimally Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) is introduced to demonstrate how supersymmetry may extend the Standard Model of particle physics, and is used as the benchmark signal to investigate how supersyrnmetry may appear in 7 Te V proton-proton collisions. The role of kinematics in early searches for such signals is then discussed; given the final state topology of interest (particle jets and large missing transverse momentum), particular attention is paid to errors that are due to detector mismeasurements, and how these may be accounted for with an appropriate choice of observable. A search strategy based upon these principles and applied to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is then described, as used in the first published search for supersymmetry with LHC data reported in Phys. Lett. B 698 (2011) 196. The kinematic characterisation of events discussed above is exploited to ensure that the search is robust to mismeasurement. The thesis concludes with a summary of the search results. The observed number of events fulfilling the signal criteria is compatible with that expected from the Standard Model alone. The subsequent exclusion limits, given at the 95% Confidence Level, place significantly greater constraints upon the supersymmetric parameter space than those of previous experiments.

The book discusses the recent experimental results obtained at the LHC that involve electroweak bosons. The results are placed into an appropriate theoretical and historical context. The work pays special attention to the rising subject of hadronically decaying bosons with high boosts, documenting the state-of-the-art identification techniques and highlighting typical results. The text is not limited to electroweak physics in the strict sense, but also discusses the use of electroweak vector-bosons as tool in the study of other subjects in particle physics, such as determinations of the proton structure or the search for new exotic particles. The book is particularly well suited for graduate students, starting their thesis work on topics that involve electroweak bosons, as the book provides a comprehensive description of phenomena observable at current accelerators as well as a summary of the most relevant experimental techniques.

Presents information regarding the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), a general purpose detector that operates on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN), located in Geneva, Switzerland. Notes that the detector is optimized for search of the Standard Model Higgs boson, as well as the study of top, beauty, and tau physics. Includes information about the organizations and institutes in CMS, experiments, and outreach. Offers access to details about conferences and current news. Explains that much of the information is available in the PDF format. Links to the home page of CERN.