Edited, and compared with all accessible systems of jurisprudence ancient and modern.

This book presents the legislation that formed the basis of Roman law - The Laws of the Twelve Tables. These laws, formally promulgated in 449 BC, consolidated earlier traditions and established enduring rights and duties of Roman citizens. The Tables were created in response to agitation by the plebeian class, who had previously been excluded from the higher benefits of the Republic. Despite previously being unwritten and exclusively interpreted by upper-class priests, the Tables became highly regarded and formed the basis of Roman law for a thousand years. This comprehensive sequence of definitions of private rights and procedures, although highly specific and diverse, provided a foundation for the enduring legal system of the Roman Empire.

Description: The Laws of the Twelve Tables; The Institutes of Gaius; Fragments of the Rules of Ulpian; and The Opinions of Paulus Synopsis: This edition of ROMAN CIVIL LAW, derived from S.P. Scott's monumental 17 volume work, THE CIVIL LAW (Central Trust Co., 1932) is a compilation of Roman laws spanning eight centuries beginning with the earliest organized body of laws known to the Romans, THE TWELVE TABLES (449 B.C.), and concluding with the surviving works of three of the five most important jurists of the second and third centuries A.D., GAIUS, ULPIAN and PAULUS. The Laws of the Twelve Tables formed the centerpiece of the constitution of the Roman Republic and the core of the mos maiorum. The Twelve Tables were literally drawn up on twelve ivory or brass tablets which were posted in the Forum Romanum so that all Romans could read and know them. They did not survive antiquity. What we have of them today are brief excerpts and quotations in other authors. Gaius (floruit AD 130-180) was a celebrated Roman jurist during the reigns of the emperors Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. His INSTITUTES are a complete exposition of the elements of ancient Roman law and for this reason are most valuable to the historian of early institutions. Domitius Ulpianus (died 228), a Roman jurist of Tyrian ancestry wrote in the period between AD 211 and 222. FRAGMENTS of his works survive. As an author he is characterized by doctrinal exposition of a high order, judiciousness of criticism, and lucidity of arrangement, style and language. Julius Paulus (second century AD), also known as Paulus or Paul, was an influential Roman jurist whose OPINIONS feature prominently in Justinian's DIGEST. The Emperor Valentinian II (371-392), a Western Roman Emperor between the years 375-392, names Paulus in the Law of Citations, along with Gaius, Papinian, Ulpian and Modestinus, as one of only five jurists whose opinions were to be followed by judicial officers in deciding cases. The works of these jurists accordingly became the most important reference point for all subsequent legal decisions and profoundly affected the course of European and American law from antiquity to the present. This edition includes S.P. Scott's complete introduction to his 17 volume work, THE CIVIL LAW, all of his critical notes and a lengthy index. THIS IS NOT A HASTILY ASSEMBLED SCAN OR "FACSIMILE EDITION" OF THIS WORK. EVERY LETTER AND WORD OF THE ORIGINAL HAS BEEN RESET AND CAREFULLY PROOFED FOR ACCURACY.

Comprehensive and accessible, this book offers a concise synthesis of the evolution of the law in Western Europe, from ancient Rome to the beginning of the twentieth century. It situates law in the wider framework of Europe’s political, economic, social and cultural developments.