Proposition 13 reduced the ability of local gov't's. to finance public goods and infrastructure through local taxes. Local gov't's. responded by increasing their reliance on fees and exactions. The constitutional takings clause may represent yet another limitation on the ability of local gov't's. to finance public improvements. In addition, CA's burgeoning population and scenic and natural resources make it fertile ground for the conflicts associated with growth: how should transportation infrastructure and other public services be financed as communities spread outward? How should open space, habitat, and access to recreational resources be preserved and paid for? Tables.

The public health benefits of giving city dwellers increased opportunities to lead physically active lifestyles are well known to urban planners, public health scholars, and government officials. Moreover, increases in “active living,” such as walking and cycling, help the environment, support local businesses, and reduce traffic congestion, among other advantages. But despite wide agreement that active living is both achievable and valuable, best practices are not easy to implement. In Political Exercise, Lawrence D. Brown presents five case studies of cities that have promoted active living with varying success through a range of approaches. He shows how and why the transformation of a call for public intervention into projects, programs, and policies is inescapably political. Brown argues that in order to implement policies that support active living, their proponents must give communities a sense of ownership of recommended changes in the built environment, filter the public health agenda through a range of public and private organizations, and secure committed political champions. At the intersection of public health and urban planning, Political Exercise offers a framework for scholars, policy makers, and reformers to more productively address both the rationales behind active living and the political strategies that spur change.