The Chemistry of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Probes, Volume Seven focuses on the chemical aspects of hyperpolarized NMR/MRI technology, with synthesis and characterizations of labeled compounds discussed from a practical point-of-view. A brief overview of the various hyperpolarization techniques are given, with the optimization of hyperpolarization conditions and the determination of critical parameters such as polarization level and T1 relaxation values described. A practical guide on the in vivo applications of hyperpolarized compounds in small animals is also included. Helps readers understand the structural features that determine the properties of HP-probes, such as chemical shift and relaxation times Aids readers in selecting stable isotope labeled probes for hyperpolarized NMR/MRI applications Teachers readers how to use the most appropriate synthetic methodology for the labeled probes Covers how to find the most suitable polarization technique (DNP, PHIP etc.) for the probe

Providing the first comprehensive book on the current state of hyperpolarized Xenon-129 NMR and MRI, this book is guaranteed to appeal to a wide range of scientists interested in this growing field. It is intended to create synergy between the various communities working with this noble gas. Covering all topics from the production of the hyperpolarized gas to its applications, the editors have invited a leading team of experts to combine the physical chemistry within the various topics and across disciplines. The scope will range from the fundamental aspects of optical pumping to practical aspects of hyperpolarizers and hp-xenon handling. The applications section will focus on hyperpolarized xenon-129 detected in the dissolved phase or micro porous media where the chemical shift of xenon-129 can be used as a diagnostic probe. Appealing to researchers in the biomedical field and materials sciences, this reference book will provide background reading and future looking material in one place.

There is considerable interest in new methods to probe the chemistry and thermodynamics of enclosed combustion processes. Hyperpolarized xenon gas magnetic resonance imaging enables sensitive and noninvasive analysis of chemical composition and velocity within enclosed and opaque samples. By taking advantage of both the temperature sensitivity of the chemical shift as well as the inertness of xenon-129, temperature and velocity distribution images of an enclosed flame can be acquired. Previous attempts to analyze high-temperature combustion reactions using nuclear magnetic resonance employed two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy of hyperpolarized xenon and proton single-point imaging. In the present study, a homebuilt, water-cooled probe was fabricated, including electronics that are able to withstand high temperatures (approaching 2000 K). Hyperpolarized xenon is premixed with a combustible gas (methane or dimethyl ether) and meets with pure oxygen at an enclosed diffusion flame centered within a 15-mm (diameter) by 25.4-mm (height) insulated coil. A spin echo pulse sequence with velocity and acceleration compensated phase-encodes, is used to generate temperature-weighted, three-dimensional chemical shift images as well as velocity maps of the flame region. This technique can be applied to studying confined combustion processes such as microturbine engines on microelectromechanical systems devices.

The goal of my first project was the synthesis and characterization of novel DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) based ligands with one and two chromophoric tropone coordinating sidearms for the construction of lanthanide based magnetic resonance/optical imaging probes. Lanthanide ions have nearly identical coordination chemistry properties and therefore, the same ligand can be applied to the entire lanthanide series. The development of dual magnetic resonance/optical imaging probes is an exciting current trend in the research area of lanthanide based imaging agents because these probes could combine the high spatial resolution of MRI with the high sensitivity of optical detection. The challenge in the design of these agents is that the requirements for an efficient MR agent (presence of an inner sphere water molecule) are seemingly incompatible with those of optical agents (absence of inner sphere water molecules). Three ligands were synthesized: 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tris(acetic acid)-10-(2-tropone) (1), 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-bis(acetic acid)-4,10-bis(2-tropone), (2) and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tris(aceticacid)-10-[2-(4-isopropyl)-tropone) (3) Ln3+complexes of these ligands were found to have one inner-sphere water molecule. The r1 relaxivity of Gd3+complexes was found to be similar to that of the commercial Gd-based MRI agents. Relaxivity measurements in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) showed that the Gd3+complexes weakly bind to HSA. Variable temperature 17O NMR measurements revealed that the neutral O-donor atom of the tropone moiety slows down the water exchange rate of the Gd3+complexes compared to that for GdDOTA. In vivo MR imaging experiments with Gd1 and Gd3 in mice revealed that the agents were excreted by the kidneys and the liver. The complexes did not show any toxicity at the injected doses (0.1 mmol/kg). The photophysical properties of the Gd3+, Nd3+ and Yb3+ complexes of ligand 1 and 2 were studied by recording the absorption, excitation and emission spectra. The Nd3+ and Yb3+ complexes were found to exhibit bright NIR emission even in aqueous solutions, which indicates that the tropone unit is an efficient sensitizer for these Ln3+ions. The favorable relaxivity of the Gd3+complexes and the bright NIR luminescence of the Nd3+ and Yb3+ complexes demonstrate that the tropone chromophore combined with the DOTA framework offers a useful platform for the design of lanthanide-based dual MR/optical imaging agents for in vivo applications. My second project is related to hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy/imaging. The goal of this project was the synthesis of monoethyl [4-13C]-oxaloacetate and its evaluation in dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization NMR experiments as a metabolic probe. Monoethyl [4-13C]-oxaloacetate disodium salt was successfully synthesized. Perfused liver experiments revealed that the compound was taken up by the liver, and metabolized to maleate, citrate and aspartate. Dynamic nuclear polarization to enhance the 13C spin polarization was successfully performed, however, the T1 relaxation time of the 13C label at the C4 position was very short (about 14 s), which precluded its in vivo application as a hyperpolarized 13C metabolic probe.

Elucidating Organic Reaction Mechanisms using photo-CIDNP Spectroscopy, by Martin Goez. Parahydrogen Induced Polarization by Homogeneous Catalysis: Theory and Applications, by Kerstin Münnemann et al. Improving NMR and MRI Sensitivity with Parahydrogen, by R. Mewis & Simon Duckett. The Solid-state Photo-CIDNP Effect, by Jörg Matysik et al. Parahydrogen-induced Polarization in Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes, by Igor Koptyug et al. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy, by U. Akbey & H. Oschkinat. Photo-CIDNP NMR Spectroscopy of Amino Acids and Proteins, by Lars T. Kuhn.

Advanced Neuro MR Techniques and Applications gives detailed knowledge of emerging neuro MR techniques and their specific clinical and neuroscience applications, showing their pros and cons over conventional and currently available advanced techniques. The book identifies the best available data acquisition, processing, reconstruction and analysis strategies and methods that can be utilized in clinical and neuroscience research. It is an ideal reference for MR scientists and engineers who develop MR technologies and/or support clinical and neuroscience research and for high-end users who utilize neuro MR techniques in their research, including clinicians, neuroscientists and psychologists. Trainees such as postdoctoral fellows, PhD and MD/PhD students, residents and fellows using or considering the use of neuro MR technologies will also be interested in this book. Presents a complete reference on advanced Neuro MR Techniques and Applications Edited and written by leading researchers in the field Suitable for a broad audience of MR scientists and engineers who develop MR technologies, as well as clinicians, neuroscientists and psychologists who utilize neuro MR techniques in their research

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and related nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow us to acquire information about molecules at an atomic level and thereby create images of human tissues and organs without destroying the molecules or the tissue itself nor exposing them to strong (X-ray or radioactive) radiation. Nuclei with magnetic moments arrange themselves along magnetic field lines when placed in an external magnetic field and can be excited by radio frequency pulses to produce a spectrum (NMR) or an image (MRI). However, neither of these technologies exploits thei...