This book describes the structures and properties of the main groups of natural pigments.

The Pigments from Microalgae Handbook presents the current state of knowledge on pigment production using microalgae-based processes, and covers both the scientific fundamentals of this technology and its practical applications. It addresses biology, chemistry, biochemistry, analysis and engineering aspects, as well as applications of natural pigments in photosynthetic organisms. The book also describes the analytical procedures associated with the characterization of pigments and the engineering aspects of microalgal pigment production. It considers the three major classes of pigments(chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins) produced and surveys the main commercial applications of these chemicals. The book offers a valuable source of information for industrial researchers and practitioners in industrial biotechnology, as it covers various engineering aspects of microalgal pigment production, such as bioreactors and bioprocesses, industrial extraction processes, and the bioeconomy of production including life-cycle assessment. The book will also be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students of biochemistry, food chemistry, and industrial microbiology.

Handbook on Natural Pigments: Industrial Applications for Improving Food Colour is unique in its approach to the improvement of food colors. The book is written with industrial applications in mind, with each chapter focusing on a color solution for a specific commodity that will provide food scientists with a one-stop, comprehensive reference on how to improve the color of a particular food product. The first section of the book looks at the legal frameworks which underpin natural food colorings, also investigating the consumer expectations of food color. The second section of the book focuses on specific industrial applications of natural colorants with chapters covering the use of natural colorants in aqueous food products, cereal-based foods, and meat products, amongst many other topics. The various pigments which can be used to effectively color these commodities are presented with information on safety and testing included throughout. The final section in the book looks at recent developments and future perspectives in natural food colorings. There are chapters which cover the health benefits of natural pigments, the use of novel fruits and vegetables in pigments, and stable natural solutions for blue colorings. Presents recent advances in consumer demand and worldwide legislation regarding natural food colorants Discusses the use of natural food colorants for one specific product category per chapter rather than one pigment class per chapter – this makes the book extremely useable for industrialists working in a specific sector Contains a comprehensive array of product-specific coloration approaches, from using pigment-enriched feed additives to the direct addition of color formulations

In this second edition of Natural Food Colorants two new chapters have been added and we have taken the opportunity to revise all the other chapters. Each of the original authors have brought up to date their individual contributions, involving in several cases an expansion to the text by the addition of new material. The new chapters are on the role of biotechnology in food colorant production and on safety in natural colorants, two areas which have undergone considerable change and development in the past five years. We have also persuaded the publishers to indulge in a display of colours by including illustrations of the majority of pigments of importance to the food industry. Finally we have rearranged the order of the chapters to reflect a more logical sequence. We hope this new edition will be greeted as enthusiastically as the first. It remains for us, as editors, to thank our contributors for undertaking the revisions with such thoroughness and to thank Blackie A&P for their support and considerable patience. G. A. F. R. J. D. R. Contributors Dr G . . Brittori Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK Professor F. J. Francis Department of Food Science, College of Food and Natural Resources, University of Massa chusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Dr G. A. F. Hendry NERC Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK Mr B. S.