El objeto central de la Teoría del Estado es el conjunto de organizaciones formales, normas y procedimientos a través de los cuales se canaliza y manifiesta el poder público. Por lo tanto, el núcleo sobre el que se vertebra el estudio del Estado son las instituciones del sistema político, lo que induce al análisis de las relaciones entre éstas y los particulares, así como las relaciones entre el poder ejecutivo, legislativo y judicial. Son también objeto de la Teoría del Estado la organización territorial del poder, la Administración Pública en sus diferentes niveles, la constitución y el Derecho Público en general. Por último, para el conocimiento del sistema político es esencial el estudio de los factores dinámicos, como son los partidos políticos y los procesos electorales.

Territorial autonomy in Spain has reached a crossroads. After over thirty years of development, the consensus regarding its appropriateness has started to crumble. The transformation project embodied by the reform of Statute of Catalonia (2006) has failed to achieve its most significant demands. Although the concept of Spain as a Federation is disputed -more within the country than beyond-, the evolution of the Spanish system needs to follow a markedly federalist path. In this perspective, reference models assume critical importance. This edition gathers the works of a broad group of European, American and Spanish experts who analyse the present-day challenges of their respective systems. The objective, thus, is to contribute ideas which might help to address the evolution of the Spanish system in the light of the experience of more established Federations. This second volume focuses its attention on the difficulties and challenges faced in two particular fields. On the one hand, the field of intergovernmental relations and, on the other, questions related to the integration and acknowledgement of diversity and of Fundamental Rights, with special reference to the cases of Canada and Spain. Finally, there is analysis of other specific aspects of the system of territorial autonomy in Spain.

This book delves into the conceptual changes produced by the Spanish constitutional debate held between 27 August and 9 December 1931. Taking place at the beginning of Spain’s Second Republic, those parliamentary deliberations brought about significant novelties in the political vocabulary. Concepts such as democracy, sovereignty, reform, revolution, and freedom, among others, were re-signified. This study investigates the conceptual contributions made by Spanish MPs in the course of the constitutional debate of 1931 by assuming, as a research approach, an interdisciplinary stance combining conceptual history, political theory, and parliamentary constitutional history. By doing so, it selects five determining issues: the pervasive discussion about two competing meanings of a democratic state; the rhetorical uses of reform and revolution; conceptual controversies about religious freedom; the disputed idea of property rights; and the functions of parliament and the president of the republic in a semi-presidential regime. The constitutional debate was largely inspired by interwar European constitutionalism which constituent representatives used to update the Spanish constitutional tradition. With that goal in mind, this book is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students and scholars working in the fields of conceptual history, political philosophy, parliamentary history, European political history, and European constitutionalism. Licence line: The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This volume, incorporating the work of scholars from various parts of the globe, taps the wisdom of the Westphalian (and post-Westphalian) world on the use of federalism and secession as tools for managing regional conflicts. The debate has rarely been more important than it is right now, especially in light of recent events in Catalonia, Scotland, Québec and the Sudan - all unique political contexts raising similar questions about how best to balance competing claims for autonomy, interdependence, political voice, and exit. Exploring how various nations have encountered comparable conflicts, some more and some less successfully, the book broadens the perspectives of scholars, government officials, and citizens struggling to resolve sovereignty conflicts with a full appreciation of the underlying principles they represent.

La Apología Para los estudiosos del Derecho, la Apología de Sócrates, escrita por Platón diez años después de su muerte, es una obra ineludible es uno de los textos obligados del curso de Seminario de Cultura Jurídica que se imparte en las escuelas de Derecho de las universidades mexicanas. La lectura de los clásicos siempre ha sido dificultosa para los jóvenes, entre otras razones por la diversidad del lenguaje y lo pasivo del proceso de lectura. En la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias de aprendizaje, he adaptado dicha obra para una lectura coral por grupos de hasta veinte alumnos. Además de sistematizar en temas específicos, abordados por Sócrates frente el tribunal ateniense en 399 antes de Cristo, En la práctica esta estrategia de lectura ha resultado interesante para los alumnos de primer nivel del programa de Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, porque les permite apoderarse de la obra, organizarse para su presentación, y generar una actividad más dinámica, concordante con la energía de los jóvenes. Para este trabajo he usado la siguiente fuente; La apología de Editorial Virtual, Arg, BUENOS AIRES 2004, visible en el siguiente URL http: //www.laeditorialvirtual.com.ar/pages/platon/platon_apologiasocrates.htm.

In the middle of the Sonoran Desert, two eagles meet face to face. One has flown from the north, the other from the south. After a long journey, they confront each other in a vast territory that unites two great countries that, like the eagles, are not as different as they seem. Two hundred years after the beginning of diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United States, Ricardo Sheffield takes a look at the shared history of both nations. He considers questions such as: • What was life like for the Native Americans? • When did some decide to follow an unknown path south, leaving others to stay behind? • What unites the lives of Mexicans with those living in the United States of America? • What have been the moments of greatest tension between the two countries? With a distinctive voice full of irony, humor, and popular sayings, the author traces the history of these two great powers—from their common beginnings with the Clovis culture hunting mammoths to the civil wars of both countries, the promulgation of their respective constitutions, and their struggles to abolish slavery.