A major strategy to reduce transport congestion and other social costs of transport is to ensure that travellers make the best decisions, based on real time information. A wide range of technological systems have been developed to provide this information, but little is known about how travellers actually respond to it. This book offers an overview of various transport telematics options and provides an appropriate methodological framework, followed by a presentation of results from actual applications of these telematics systems from a range of European countries in various transport sectors. The empirical results are supplemented by analytical models and geographic information systems representations with a view on generalizing these findings and identifying the key parameters which determine user response.

The field of telematics --- an integration of telecommunications and informatics --- is one of the new electronic technologies which merges communication and information processes by using computer networks, and is expanding rapidly. It is expected that developments in this field will have a strong impact on future transportation and locational decisions as well as on the behaviour of companies and individuals. This Proceedings volume contains the papers that were held during the First International Symposium ''Telematics --- Transportation and Spatial Development'', The Hague, 14--15 April 1988. The lectures held covered current and expected developments in telematics and the effects of applications of telematics on the economy, transportation and spatial planning. The main topics discussed were: -- Telematics as a new technology -- Telematics as substitute for physical transport -- Telematics as an optimization of existing transportation techniques and processes -- Telematics as a factor in spatial reorganization

Despite being an accepted construct in traffic and transport psychology, the precise nature of behavioural adaptation, including its causes and consequences, has not yet been established within the road safety community. A comprehensive collection of recent literature, Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety: Theory, Evidence, and Action explores behavioural adaptation in road users. It examines behavioural adaptation within the context of historical and theoretical perspectives, and puts forth tangible—and practical—solutions that can effectively address adverse behavioural adaptation to road safety interventions before it occurs. Edited by Christina Rudin-Brown and Samantha Jamson, with chapters authored by leading road safety experts in driver psychology and behaviour, the book introduces the concept of behavioural adaptation and details its more relevant issues. It reviews the definition of behavioural adaptation that was put forward by the OECD in 1990 and then puts this definition through its paces, identifying where it may be lacking and how it might be improved. This sets the context for the remaining chapters which take the OECD definition as their starting points. The book discusses the various theories and models of behavioural adaptation and more general theories of driver behaviour developed during the last half century. It provides examples of the "evidence" for behavioural adaptation—instances in which behavioural adaptation arose as a consequence of the introduction of safety countermeasures. The book then focuses on the internal, "human" element and considers countermeasures that might be used to limit the development of behavioural adaptation in various road user groups. The book concludes with practical tools and methodologies to address behavioural adaptation in research and design, and to limit the potential negative effects before they happen. Supplying easy-to-understand, accessible solutions that can be implemented early on in a road safety intervention’s design or conception phase, the chapters represent the most extensive compilation of literature relating to behavioural adaptation and its consequences since the 1990 OECD report. The book brings together earlier theories of behavioural adaptation with more recent theories in the area and combines them with practical advice, methods, and tangible solutions that can minimise the potential negative impact of behavioural adaptation on road user safety and address it before it occurs. It is an essential component of any road safety library, and should be of particular relevance to researchers, practitioners, designers, and policymakers who are interested in maximizing safety while at the same time encouraging innovation and excellence in road transport-related design.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Transport Systems Telematics, TST 2012, held in Katowice-Ustron, Poland, in October 2012. The 48 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. Transport telematics are the systems using the information and communication technologies in the area of infrastructure and of means of transport and its participants. An intelligent transport covers systems that allow, through the data transmission and analysis, to influence the behaviour of road users and the action of technical elements in means of transport or along the traffic route. Intelligent transport systems - in accordance with the European Directive - are used for the transport management informatisation. The research shows that the use of telematics can significantly increase the efficiency of the transport system, the road safety and the environmental protection. This book provides an overview of solutions being developed in the field of intelligent transportation systems, and includes theoretical and case studies in the countries of conference participants.

Just as our transport systems become more and more important to our economic and social well-being, so they become more and more crowded and more at risk from congestion, disruption, and collapse. Technology and engineering can provide part of the solution, but the complete solution will need to take account of the behaviour of the users of the transport networks. The role of psychologists in this is to understand how people make decisions about the alternative modes of transport and about the alternative routes to their destinations, to understand how novice and other vulnerable users can develop safe and effective behaviours, how competent users can operate within the transport system optimally and within their perceptual and cognitive limitations. The contributions to this volume address these issues of how the use of our transport systems can be improved by taking into account knowledge of the behaviour of the people who use the systems. Topics discussed include driver training and licensing, driver impairment, road user attitudes and behaviour, enforcement and behaviour change, driver support systems, and the psychology of mobility and transport mode choice. This work will be of value not only to psychologists but to all transport professionals interested in the application of psychology to traffic.