This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Technology Trends, CITT 2018, held in Babahoyo, Ecuador, in August 2018. The 53 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 204 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on communications; security and privacy; computer and software engineering; computational intelligence; e-government and e-participation.

Game-based resources provide opportunities to consolidate and develop a greater knowledge and understanding of both mathematical concepts and numeracy skills, which present opportunities and challenges for both teachers and learners when engaging with subject content. For learners for whom the language of instruction is not their first or main language, this can present challenges and barriers to their progress. This requires teachers to reconsider and adapt their teaching strategies to ensure the needs of these learners are fully addressed, thereby promoting inclusion and inclusive practices. The Handbook of Research on International Approaches and Practices for Gamifying Mathematics provides relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in teaching and learning mathematics in bilingual/plurilingual education by using active methodologies, specifically gamification and game-based learning and teaching. Covering a wide range of topics such as e-safety, bilingual education, and multimodal mathematics, this major reference work is ideal for policymakers, researchers, academicians, practitioners, scholars, instructors, and students.

Juan Carlos Tedesco, a prominent Argentinean sociologist argues that qualitative studies of education in Latin America represent a major challenge to current research. Latin American qualitative researchers are producing interpretive studies that focus on the realities of current developmental and educational reforms. Indigenous communities, women, students, and teachers are given voice in these studies, which represent the state of Latin American ethnographic, qualitative, and participatory research. This is the first book in English to offer a state-of-the-art collection of educational qualitative research studies in Latin America. The first three chapters present an overview of qualitative research, while the remaining seven chapters provide studies that explore various aspects of education from public schools to informal educational programs.