Three methods to remove nitrates from the agricultural drainage water from the San Luis Service Area in California were investigated. One method was a theoretical evaluation of nitrate removal by algae during the transport of the drainage water in the San Luis Canal or during storage in the Kesterson Reservoir. The other methods were designed to promote anaerobic bacterial denitrification in a continuous flow of drainage water. One method used barley straw and the other water grass grown in shallow ponds as the carbon energy source. Under optimum conditions both of these last two methods reduced the nitrate -N concentration of the drainage water from a maximum of about 30 mg/l to less than 2 mg /l. The cost of nitrogen removal by the shallow grass plot systems, the most economical and feasible method investigated, was estimated.

Three methods to remove nitrates from the agricultural drainage water from the San Luis Service Area in California were investigated. One method was a theoretical evaluation of nitrate removal by algae during the transport of the drainage water in the San Luis Canal or during storage in the Kesterson Reservoir. The other methods were designed to promote anaerobic bacterial denitrification in a continuous flow of drainage water. One method used barley straw and the other water grass grown in shallow ponds as the carbon energy source. Under optimum conditions both of these last two methods reduced the nitrate -N concentration of the drainage water from a maximum of about 30 mg/l to less than 2 mg /l. The cost of nitrogen removal by the shallow grass plot systems, the most economical and feasible method investigated, was estimated.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Three methods to remove nitrates from the agricultural drainage water from the San Luis Service Area in California were investigated. One method was a theoretical evaluation of nitrate removal by algae during the transport of the drainage water in the San Luis Canal or during storage in the Kesterson Reservoir. The other methods were designed to promote anaerobic bacterial denitrification in a continuous flow of drainage water. One method used barley straw and the other water grass grown in shallow ponds as the carbon energy source. Under optimum conditions both of these last two methods reduced the nitrate -N concentration of the drainage water from a maximum of about 30 mg/l to less than 2 mg /l. The cost of nitrogen removal by the shallow grass plot systems, the most economical and feasible method investigated, was estimated.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.