This synthesis report will be of interest to state, local, and federal agency environmental and maintenance administrators, directors, supervisors, engineers, and scientists. It describes current best management practices (BMPs) for environmental issues related to road and street maintenance. The synthesis documents relevant background and recent information with regard to management practices that can help protect, preserve, or enhance the environment while at the same time allow road maintenance organizations to carry out their fundamental mission of maintenance and repair in a cost-effective manner. Information for the synthesis was collected by surveying U.S. and Canadian state and local transportation agencies and by conducting a literature search using domestic sources. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes BMPs consisting of broad management approaches applicable to the entire maintenance program or to more than one program area. In addition, BMPs for specific maintenance activities or groups of maintenance activities are included. Finally, BMPs concerning specific environmental issues are discussed.