This book explores how high-stakes tests mandated by No Child Left Behind have become de facto language policy in U.S. schools, detailing how testing has shaped curriculum and instruction, and the myriad ways that tests are now a defining force in the daily lives of English Language Learners and the educators who serve them.

The word accountability is everywhere in education today, but it means different things to different people. Speaking directly to teachers who work closely with English language learners, Betsy Gilliland and Shannon Pella examine essential questions in this age of accountability.

Research shows that when English language learners understand the vocabulary used on tests, their scores soar—critical information for schools in an age of testing and accountability. This manual provides evidence-based, teacher-friendly lesson plans that will help English language learners deal with unfamiliar language features on standardized test questions. Teaching Your Secondary ELL Students the Academic Language of Tests supports English language arts teachers in grades 6-12 in providing instruction for content-specific language skills. Each lesson plan provides background information for the teacher, implications for high-stakes testing, a list of materials, academic vocabulary, activities, and in many cases, graphic organizers.

The revised PreK-12 English Language Proficiency Standards build on the World-Class Instructional Design and Assessments (WIDA) Consortium's English Language Proficiency Standards for English Language Learners in Kindergarten through Grade 12 (Wisconsin, 2004). The WIDA Consortium is a group of ten states, formed in 2002 with federal monies, that has developed comprehensive English language proficiency standards. This volume also uses grade-level clusters that reflect current educational configurations in the United States. Each of the five language proficiency standards is divided into the four language domains of listening, speaking, reading and writing. The five levels of language proficiency reflect characteristics of language performance at each developmental stage and include: starting (L1), emerging (L2), developing (L3), expanding (L4), and bridging (L5).