Tank Barge Oil Pollution Study

Tank Barge Oil Pollution Study
Title Tank Barge Oil Pollution Study PDF eBook
Author Avi Bender
Publisher
Pages 69
Release 1978
Genre
ISBN

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This study was conducted to determine and categorize the causes of tank barge oil spill incidents and the extent of the resulting pollution. Coast Guard pollution incident data files were reviewed for the 3-year period from 1974-1976, and discussions were held with pollution control and marine safety personnel in four Coast Guard district offices. Operational and causal patterns were identified, present pollution prevention efforts were examined, and means of reducing the spill volumes and number of incidents were investigated. The analysis revealed a preponderance of small oil spills (= or 100 gal) which occur during cargo transfer operations; however, these incidents contributed less than 10% of the total volume spilled. The major spills ( 100 gal), which occur primarily during underway operations, represented a small portion of the total incidents but contributed the bulk of the oil volume spilled. A number of preventive measures were examined. Improved tankerman training and use of coamings should substantially reduce the number of small spills. Double-hull barge construction should prove effective in preventing many large spills resulting from collisions or groundings. Several other preventive measures were also considered which involve the regulatory area and barge/shore facility interfaces. (Author).

Oil in the Sea III

Oil in the Sea III
Title Oil in the Sea III PDF eBook
Author National Research Council
Publisher National Academies Press
Pages 278
Release 2003-03-14
Genre Science
ISBN 0309084385

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Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.

Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment

Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment
Title Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment PDF eBook
Author National Research Council
Publisher National Academies Press
Pages 350
Release 2014-08-01
Genre Science
ISBN 030929889X

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U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.

Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan

Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan
Title Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan PDF eBook
Author Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution Research (U.S.)
Publisher
Pages 268
Release 1993
Genre Government publications
ISBN

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Double-Hull Tanker Legislation

Double-Hull Tanker Legislation
Title Double-Hull Tanker Legislation PDF eBook
Author Marine Board
Publisher National Academies Press
Pages 286
Release 1998-02-23
Genre Science
ISBN 0309518288

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The passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) by Congress and subsequent modifications of international maritime regulations resulted in a far-reaching change in the design of tank vessels. Double-hull rather than single-hull tankers are now the industry standard, and nearly all ships in the world maritime oil transportation fleet are expected to have double hulls by about 2020. This book assesses the impact of the double hull and related provisions of OPA 90 on ship safety, protection of the marine environment, and the economic viability and operational makeup of the maritime oil transportation industry. The influence of international conventions on tank vessel design and operation is addressed. Owners and operators of domestic and international tank vessel fleets, shipyard operators, marine architects, classification societies, environmentalists, and state and federal regulators will find this book useful.

Oil Spill Risks From Tank Vessel Lightering

Oil Spill Risks From Tank Vessel Lightering
Title Oil Spill Risks From Tank Vessel Lightering PDF eBook
Author Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
Publisher National Academies Press
Pages 140
Release 1998-11-24
Genre Science
ISBN 0309173582

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The safety record of lightering (the transfer of petroleum cargo at sea from a large tanker to smaller ones) has been excellent in U.S. waters in recent years, as evidenced by the very low rate of spillage of oil both in absolute terms and compared with all other tanker-related accidental spills. The lightering safety record is likely to be maintained or even improved in the future as overall quality improvements in the shipping industry are implemented. Risks can be reduced even further through measures that enhance sound lightering standards and practices, support cooperative industry efforts to maintain safety, and increase the availability of essential information to shipping companies and mariners. Only continued vigilance and attention to safety initiatives can avert serious accidents involving tankers carrying large volumes of oil.

Tank Barges Design Standards and Pollution Prevention

Tank Barges Design Standards and Pollution Prevention
Title Tank Barges Design Standards and Pollution Prevention PDF eBook
Author
Publisher
Pages 388
Release 1979
Genre
ISBN

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