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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Excerpt from Tables of Calculated Hour-Angles and Altitude Azimuth Table 30 N. To 30 S., Ex-Meridian Tables 70 N. To 70 S: Calculated Reductions and Azimuths of 30 Bright Stars From 1 Hour to 3 Hours From Meridian 64 N. To 60 S The main purpose of these tables is to make as easy as possible the problem of finding the ship's position from combined altitudes of sun, moon, or stars, and especially to encourage the at present much neglected and apparently little valued practice of determining the ship's position from two or three stars at twilight, a few minutes before sunrise, and a few minutes after sunset. The writer, having made a regular practice of such observations for several years of his sea life, is fully alive to the great value of the problem, and considers it to be the most valuable problem in navigation, and has consequently for the last thirty and odd years deplored the neglect of the authorities to give it in the Board of Trade examination for masters and mates. It ought to be the rule, instead of the rare exception, in all seagoing steamers to take such observations daily. In spite of the discouragement I have received from those whom I might most naturally have expected to help and encourage me, and the continued Opposition of the authorities to the use of my tafiles and methods in the examination room, it will be seen that I have not yet given up my efforts to stir up and encourage shipmasters and officers to get out of the rut of relying Wholly on their morning longitude and noon latitude position, and am still working to make easier and more popular the above-mentioned problems, and I have been much encouraged of late to find that my methods and tables are now being very generally used by the younger generation of officers, at any rate in the ships which trade regularly to New Zealand, and even by some of our coasting shipmasters. My greatest incentive, however, to continued effort in this direction has been the knowledge that such observations tend greatly to the saving of lives and ships from destruction. In the course of my duties in the investigation of witnesses' evidence in wreck inquiry cases in New Zealand, I was struck by the fact that within three years no less than three ships were wrecked, and many lives lost, which would in all probability have been saved had the officers been in the habit of determining the ship's position by simultaneous observations of two stars at twilight but no Court of Inquiry could justly censure the master for neglect to take such observations when the determina tion of this problem is not provided for in the Board of Trade examination for either the mate or master. At about the same time I also received letters from two shipmasters gratefully acknowledging the value that my books had been to them, and telling me that the determination of their ship's position by stellar observations (after experiencing exceptionally strong currents) had been the means of saving their ships from great risk of stranding, one in the China Sea, and the other in the Bay of Bengal. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

On July 29, 1681, a band of English buccaneers that had been terrorizing Spanish possessions on the west coast of the Americas captured a Spanish ship, from which they obtained a derrotero, or book of charts and sailing directions. When they arrived back in England, the Spanish ambassador demanded that the buccaneers be brought to trial. The derrotero was ordered to be brought to King Charles II, who apparently appreciated its great intelligence value. The buccaneers were acquitted, to the chagrin of the king of Spain, who had the English ambassador expelled from the court at Madrid on a seemingly trumped-up charge. The derrotero was subsequently translated, and one of the buccaneers, Basil Ringrose, added a text to the compilation and information to the Spanish charts. The resulting atlas, consisting of 106 pages of charts and 106 pages of text, is published in full for the first time in this volume. Covering the coast from California to Tierra del Fuego, the Galapagos, and Juan Fernandes, Basil Ringrose's south sea waggoner is a rich source of geographical information, with observations on navigational, physical, biological, and cultural features as well as on ethnography, customs, and folklore. After almost exactly three hundred years, this secret atlas is now made available to libraries and individuals. The editors have provided an extensive introduction on historical, geographical, and navigational aspects of the atlas, as well as annotations to the charts and text, and they have plotted the coverage of the charts on modern map bases. On July 29, 1681, a band of English buccaneers that had been terrorizing Spanish possessions on the west coast of the Americas captured a Spanish ship, from which they obtained a derrotero, or book of charts and sailing directions. When they arrived back in England, the Spanish ambassador demanded that the buccaneers be brought to trial. The derrotero was ordered to be brought to King Charles II, who apparently appreciated its great intelligence value. The buccaneers were acquitted, to the chagrin of the king of Spain, who had the English ambassador expelled from the court at Madrid on a seemingly trumped-up charge. The derrotero was subsequently translated, and one of the buccaneers, Basil Ringrose, added a text to the compilation and information to the Spanish charts. The resulting atlas, consisting of 106 pages of charts and 106 pages of text, is published in full for the first time in this volume. Covering the coast from California to Tierra del Fuego, the Galapagos, and Juan Fernandes, Basil Ringrose's south sea waggoner is a rich source of geographical information, with observations on navigational, physical, biological, and cultural features as well as on ethnography, customs, and folklore. After almost exactly three hundred years, this secret atlas is now made available to libraries and individuals. The editors have provided an extensive introduction on historical, geographical, and navigational aspects of the atlas, as well as annotations to the charts and text, and they have plotted the coverage of the charts on modern map bases.

Excerpt from Tables of Calculated Hour-Angles and Altitude Azimuth Table 30 N. To 30 S: Ex-Meridian Tables 60 N. To 60 S. And Calculated Reductions Ans Azimuths of Bright Stars From 1 Hour to 3 Hours From Meridian The main purpose of these tables is to make as easy as possible the problem of finding the ship's position from combined altitudes of sun, moon, or stars, and especially to encourage the at present much neglected and apparently little valued practice of determining the Ship's position from two or three stars at twilight, a few minutes before sunrise, and a few minutes after sunset. The writer, having made a regular practice of such observations for several years of his sea life, is fully alive to the great value of the problem, and considers it to be the most valuable problem in navigation, and has consequently for the last thirty and odd years deplored the neglect of the authorities to give it in the Board of Trade examination for masters and mates. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

From July 7 to 12, 2008 in Zelenogradsk, a cosy resort on the bank of the Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad in Russia, the 1st International Conference “Atmosphere, Ionosphere, Safety (AIS-2008)” has been carried out. The State Russian University of I. Kant, Semenov Institute of chemical physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkov Institute of terrestrial magnetism and radio-waves propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Russian Committee on Ball Lightning (BL) have acted as organizers of the conference. Financial support was made by Russian Fund of Fundamental Research Project N. 08-03-06041 and European Of?ce of Aerospace Research and Development Grant award FA8655-08-1-5052. The International conference “Atmosphere, Ionosphere, Safety” (AIS-2008) was devoted to (i) the analysis of the atmosphere–ionosphere response on natural and man-made processes, the reasons of occurrence of the various accompanying geophysical phenomena, and an estimation of possible consequences of their in?uence on the person and technological systems; (ii) the study of the monitoring possibility and search of the ways for the risk level decrease. Discussion of the physical and chemical processes accompanying the observable geophysical p- nomena was undertaken. One can see from a list of the Conference sections that questions of safety took only rather modest place, so main topics of the Conference became discussion of processes taking place in the atmosphere, ionosphere and methods of monitoring these processes.