An Organ solo composed by Louis Vierne.

A clear piece of musical criticism analysing the formal aspects of Beethoven's 6th symphony. Reviewed as very readable.

Elements of Sonata Theory is a comprehensive, richly detailed rethinking of the basic principles of sonata form in the decades around 1800. This foundational study draws upon the joint strengths of current music history and music theory to outline a new, up-to-date paradigm for understanding the compositional choices found in the instrumental works of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and their contemporaries: sonatas, chamber music, symphonies, overtures, and concertos. In so doing, it also lays out the indispensable groundwork for anyone wishing to confront the later adaptations and deformations of these basic structures in the nineteenth and earlier twentieth centuries. Combining insightful music analysis, contemporary genre theory, and provocative hermeneutic turns, the book brims over with original ideas, bold and fresh ways of awakening the potential meanings within a familiar musical repertory. Sonata Theory grasps individual compositions-and each of the individual moments within them-as creative dialogues with an implicit conceptual background of flexible, ever-changing historical norms and patterns. These norms may be recreated as constellations "compositional defaults," any of which, however, may be stretched, strained, or overridden altogether for individualized structural or expressive purposes. This book maps out the terrain of that conceptual background, against which what actually happens-or does not happen-in any given piece may be assessed and measured. The Elements guides the reader through the standard (and less-than-standard) formatting possibilities within each compositional space in sonata form, while also emphasizing the fundamental role played by processes of large-scale circularity, or "rotation," in the crucially important ordering of musical modules over an entire movement. The book also illuminates new ways of understanding codas and introductions, of confronting the generating processes of minor-mode sonatas, and of grasping the arcs of multimovement cycles as wholes. Its final chapters provide individual studies of alternative sonata types, including "binary" sonata structures, sonata-rondos, and the "first-movement form" of Mozart's concertos.

The Eroica Symphony is perhaps Beethoven's most provocative work. Its unprecedented design and its powerful emotional impact forever redefined the potential of musical expression. The work was conceived as a homage to Napoleon Bonaparte, but understood for over a century as a passionate rejection of the tyranny he came to represent. This book traces the compositional process and puts the Eroica in precise historical and aesthetic perspective: the political situations that brought about both the dedication to Napoleon and its withdrawal show that Beethoven followed diplomatic developments astutely. Early interpretations by Beethoven's contemporaries show that they understood the work's import clearly. This study focuses on Beethoven's unique ability to imbue traditional symphonic forms with the idealism of his philosophical mentor, Friedrich Schiller.

This volume offers a collection of articles written by the renowned conductor and scholar Max Rudolf, together with a selection of his correspondence relating to material in the articles. Max Rudolf's conducting career spanned seventy years, from his first performances in l920-2l to his last in 1990. His life was devoted to performing, scholarship, and teaching. He conducted at the Metropolitan Opera from 1943 to 1937 and was Musical Director of the Cincinnati Symphony from 1938 to 1970, after which he combined guest conducting with teaching opera and conducting at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia. The articles reflect a lifetime of thought on the art of conducting, musical style, and performance practice. Rudolf, known as an interpreter of the classical repertoire, freely shared his vast knowledge of Mozart's and Beethoven's scores with colleagues and students. His conducting book, The Grammar of Conducting, has been the leading college text in the field for many years. As such it has extended his influence on many generations of conductors. Throughout his life, Rudolf corresponded voluminously with other musicians. The letters included in this volume were selected because they shed a warm, personal light on the formal published articles thus providing an opportunity to share the mind and thoughts of an outstanding human bein