Develop a Greater Understanding of How and Why Surface Wave Testing Works Using examples and case studies directly drawn from the authors’ experience, Surface Wave Methods for Near-Surface Site Characterization addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of surface wave propagation in both forward and inverse modeling. This book accents the key facets associated with surface wave testing for near-surface site characterization. It clearly outlines the basic principles, the theoretical framework and the practical implementation of surface wave analysis. In addition, it also describes in detail the equipment and measuring devices, acquisition techniques, signal processing, forward and inverse modeling theories, and testing protocols that form the basis of modern surface wave techniques. Review Examples of Typical Applications for This Geophysical Technique Divided into eight chapters, the book explains surface wave testing principles from data measurement to interpretation. It effectively integrates several examples and case studies illustrating how different ground conditions and geological settings may influence the interpretation of data measurements. The authors accurately describe each phase of testing in addition to the guidelines for correctly performing and interpreting results. They present variants of the test within a consistent framework to facilitate comparisons, and include an in-depth discussion of the uncertainties arising at each stage of surface wave testing. Provides a comprehensive and in-depth treatment of all the steps involved in surface wave testing Discusses surface wave methods and their applications in various geotechnical conditions and geological settings Explains how surface wave measurements can be used to estimate both stiffness and dissipative properties of the ground Addresses the issue of uncertainty, which is often an overlooked problem in surface wave testing Includes examples with comparative analysis using different processing techniques and inversion algorithms Outlines advanced applications of surface wave testing such as joint inversion, underwater investigation, and Love wave analysis Written for geotechnical engineers, engineering seismologists, geophysicists, and researchers, Surface Wave Methods for Near-Surface Site Characterization offers practical guidance, and presents a thorough understanding of the basic concepts.

Develop a Greater Understanding of How and Why Surface Wave Testing WorksUsing examples and case studies directly drawn from the authors' experience, Surface Wave Methods for Near-Surface Site Characterization addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of surface wave propagation in both forward and inverse modeling. This book accents

Surface wave methods analysis the dispersive nature of surface wave propagation in heterogeneous media to measure shear wave velocity or material damping ratio profiles, and enable earthquake site response to be assessed. This is the only comprehensive reference that provides a unified treatment of surface wave propagation, signal processing, inverse theory and the testing protocols that form the basis of modern surface wave methods. The use of these tests has increased dramatically since the 1980s, but they are too often performed and interpreted in a variety of ways that are confusing. This book answers the pressing need for a guide to the basic principles as well as outlining a set of reliable, dependable and accepted practices. It is written for geotechnical engineers, engineering seismologists and geophysicists as well as academics in these fields.

Seismic Wave Analysis for Near Surface Applications presents the foundational tools necessary to properly analyze surface waves acquired according to both active and passive techniques. Applications range from seismic hazard studies, geotechnical surveys and the exploration of extra-terrestrial bodies. Surface waves have become critical to near-surface geophysics both for geotechnical goals and seismic-hazard studies. Included in this book are the related theories, approaches and applications which the lead editor has assembled from a range of authored contributions carefully selected from the latest developments in research. A unique blend of theory and practice, the book’s concepts are based on exhaustive field research conducted over the past decade from the world’s leading seismologists and geophysicists. Edited by a geophysicist with nearly 20 years of experience in research, consulting, and geoscience software development Nearly 100 figures, photographs, and examples aid in the understanding of fundamental concepts and techniques Presents the latest research in seismic wave characteristics and analysis, the fundamentals of signal processing, wave data acquisition and inversion, and the latest developments in horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) Each chapter features a real-world case study—13 in all—to bring the book’s key principles to life

Describes the nature of the microtremor noise field, the use of appropriate surface arrays of geophones, and the two principal classes of array-processing techniques, high-resolution beamforming and the spatial autocorrelation method (SPAC). This is the first comprehensive textbook of the microtremor survey method written in English.

Written for practicing geophysicists, “Land Seismic Case Studies for Near-Surface Modeling and Subsurface Imaging” is a comprehensive guide to understanding and interpreting seismic data. The culmination of land seismic data acquisition and processing projects conducted by the author over the last two decades, this book contains more than nearly 800 figures from worldwide case studies—conducted in both 2D and 3D. Beginning with Chapter 1 on seismic characterization of the near-surface, Chapter 2 presents near-surface modeling by traveltime and full-wave inversion, Chapter 3 presents near-surface modeling by imaging, and then Chapter 4 includes detailed case studies for near-surface modeling. Chapter 5 reviews single- and multichannel signal processing of land seismic data with the key objective of removing surface waves and guided waves that are characterized as coherent linear noise. Uncommon seismic data acquisition methods, including large-offset acquisition in thrust belts to capture the large-amplitude supercritical reflections, swath-line acquisition, and joint PP and SH- SH seismic imaging are highlighted in Chapter 6, and Chapter 7 presents image-based rms velocity estimation and discusses the problem of velocity uncertainty. The final two chapters focus exclusively on case studies: 2D in Chapter 8 and 3D in Chapter 9. An outstanding teaching tool, this book includes analysis workflows containing processing steps designed to solve specific problems. Essential for anyone involved in acquisition, processing, and inversion of seismic data, this volume will become the definitive reference for understanding how the variables in seismic acquisition are directly reflected in the data.

Seismic site characterization is a critical part of understanding earthquake hazards in geotechnical engineering. This is often accomplished through various invasive and non-invasive methods for measuring shear-wave velocity (Vs) in-situ, as it is directly related to small-strain shear modulus. For civil engineering applications, the seismic conditions of the near surface (top 30 m) are of particular interest. Surface wave testing has become the tool of choice for many engineers due to its flexibility, efficiency, and ability to characterize a wide variety of subsurface conditions. Surface wave testing is also particularly well suited to near-surface imaging due to the prevalence of surface waves within the elastic wavefield at shallow depths. Surface wave testing, however, is not without limitations. Inversion of surface wave dispersion data is ill-posed and non-unique, meaning that when it is performed rigorously with full consideration of epistemic uncertainty, a potentially large number of reasonable and different 1D Vs profiles are produced. This presents a challenge of evaluating which profiles should be used for further analysis or design. Additionally, engineers often desire information about the lateral variability of seismic parameters in the subsurface, but the inherently 1D nature of the processing and inversion techniques used in surface wave testing make acquiring this information challenging. Evaluation of lateral variability is generally accomplished through multiple individual 1D surface wave analyses across the site, providing only pseudo-2D information. This also introduces a new challenge: how to collect the large amount of experimental data required for multiple analyses as the efficiency of traditional surface wave acquisition is limited by the need to physically move geophone arrays with limited numbers of sensors. This dissertation discusses these challenges and presents potential solutions through the application of the DeltaVs method, distributed acoustic sensing, and full waveform inversion