United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Egg-Grading Manual Agricultural Marketing Service Agricultural Handbook Number 75 This manual is an aid in teaching both beginning and experienced egg graders the correct interpretation and application of the U.S. standards, grades, and weight classes for eggs. It can serve as a guide in short courses or grading schools when supplemented with lectures, group discussions, and demonstrations. This manual should also prove useful to those teaching or working in the production, processing, and marketing of eggs. Although some of the material in this manual is not directly related to the actual grading function, knowledge of it will help graders do a better job in handling eggs and in maintaining egg quality. Such information will give graders a better understanding of their job, and will aid them in acquiring the knowledge necessary to do their jobs well. This manual provides graders with an understanding of egg marketing, the purpose of grading, production and processing practices, and Federal-State grading programs. An in-depth description of USDA's egg grading and certification programs is provided for use by processors, marketers, volume food buyers, and retailers to enhance their procurement and quality control activities. Content: I. Introduction II. Production and Maintenance of Egg Quality III. Structure, Composition, and Formation of the Egg IV. Grading V. Quality Factors VI. U.S. Standards, Grades, and Weight Classes for Shell Eggs VII. Determining Interior Quality by Hand Candling. VIII. Determining Interior Quality by the Breakout Method IX. Egg Grading and Certification Services X. Official Grade Labeling and Identification XI. Certification to Specific Purchase Requirements XII. Plant Sanitation and Good Manufacturing Practices (PSGMP) Program XIII. Legislation Affecting Grading and Marketing of Eggs XIV. Egg Quality Schools and Training Sessions XV. Resource Materials Available. Notice: Full version, All Chapters included. This publication is available (Electronic version) in the official website of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Disclaimer: "The use or appearance of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), text, images or logos, Seals on this version does not imply or constitute endorsement of the distribution service."

This book comprehensively covers the science and policy issues relevant to one of the major public health disasters of modern times. It pulls together the aetiology and burden of the myriad of tobacco related diseases with the successes and failures of tobacco control policies. The book looks at lessons learnt to help set health policy for reducing the burden of tobacco related diseases. The book also deals with the international public health policy issues which bear on control of the problem of tobacco use and which vary between continents. The editors are an international group distinguished in the field of tobacco related diseases, epidemiology, and tobacco control. The contributors are world experts drawn from the various clinical fields. This major reference text gives a unique overview of one of the major public health problems in both the developed and developing world. The book is directed at an international public health and epidemiology audience includng health economists and those interested in tobacco control.

Cinnamon is the common name for the spice obtained from the dried inner bark of several species of the genus Cinnamomum in the Lauraceae family. In world trade, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl Cinnamomum burmannii dominate, but it is of a different quality to ‘true’ or ‘Ceylon’ cinnamon produced from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (C. verum J. Presl), with the latter much easier to process, giving a more delicate, sweeter flavor with nuances of clove, but more importantly with only traces (often below detection thresholds) of coumarin, compared with 5–7 g/kg in other species. Cinnamon has been a popular and expensive spice in many civilizations, including ancient Egypt, Rome and in 14th and 15th century Europe, where it was used primarily to preserve meat for its antibacterial properties, fine aroma and flavor. Ancient Egyptians used cinnamon in mummification process due to its antibacterial properties and fragrance. The quest for cinnamon brought many explorers to Ceylon, whose ancient history is intertwined with the cinnamon trade. Ancient Egyptians and Romans used cinnamon as a valued spice and as an incense. In recent years, much research has been conducted in crop improvement, processing and value addition in cinnamon. In addition to direct use as a condiment/spice, cinnamon has found a multitude of uses in the food and beverage, traditional medicine, pharmacology, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries. Ceylon cinnamon is unique in that oils distilled from the bark (major constituents are cinnamaldehyde and oleoresins), leaf (eugenol is the major constituent used in dentistry, perfumes, flavorings and as an antioxidant) and roots (camphor) have different industrial uses. Cinnamaldehyde is now a proven natural bactericide widely used in food and beverage industry, effective against Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Thus, it has become an important natural component of organic fruit and vegetable juices to enhance microbial safety of these nutritious beverages. Because of its manifold uses, cinnamon is an important crop. There have been many recent publications on its ethnobotany, genetics, crop improvement, agronomy, processing, biotechnology, chemistry, food and medicinal uses, and industrial applications. However, one book condensing all these findings is lacking. Our publication, with chapters devoted to all these aspects of cinnamon written by experts in these fields, condenses current knowledge into a single source and contribute to the advancement and dissemination of knowledge and technology. Contributors to the book constitute internationally renowned senior scientists and academics with hands-on experience as well as movers and shakers of industry, thereby striking a right balance between theory and practice. Therefore it is a valuable source for students, teachers, scientists, planners policy makers, practicing agriculturists and industrialists, and a prized acquisition to any library in higher education institutions, R & D institutions and public and private sector institutions in agriculture and allied fields.

Known for its comprehensive coverage, this text covers all aspects of occupational safety and health in today s global workplace. Appropriate for safety management, engineering and technology programs, the book follows a logical sequence that provides a historical perspective and overview, covers the laws and regulations, discusses the human element, examines hazard assessment, prevention, and control, and covers management of safety and health. This edition features updated OSHA standards and contemporary topics such as safety culture, safety s role in global competitiveness, workplace violence, natural disasters and terrorism. Some new features include: All OSHA standards, as well as those of other regulatory agencies, were updated Chapter 4: Added a new section on the Emerging Role of Safety Professionals Chapter 9: Added a new section on the safety professional s role in product recalls Chapter 15: Added a new section on practical prevention measures for reducing slip and fall hazards and a new checklist for enhancing vision protection "